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From Republic to Empire. History Alive Chapter 34. Introduction. How Rome grows from a republic to a mighty empire. The expansion took place over 500 years. 509 B.C.E. to 14 C.E. From Republic to Empire: First Period of Expansion. First period of Expansion happened in 509 B.C.E.
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From Republic to Empire History Alive Chapter 34
Introduction • How Rome grows from a republic to a mighty empire. • The expansion took place over 500 years. • 509 B.C.E. to 14 C.E.
From Republic to Empire:First Period of Expansion • First period of Expansion happened in 509 B.C.E. • Romans kicked the Etruscans out!
From Republic to Empire:Second Period of Expansion • Rome fought the city of Carthage in North Africa. • The second period of expansion was from 264 to 146 B.C.E. • Rome gained control of N. Africa, Spain, and Sicily.
From Republic to Empire:Third Period of Expansion • From 145 to 44 B.C.E. • Rome came to rule the entire Mediterranean world. • Took control over Asia Minor, Syria, Egypt. • Also Gaul (France).
From Republic to Empire:Fourth Period of Expansion • Rome was an empire. • Augustus added new territory. • At his height, the Roman Empire stretched from Britain to the Black Sea.
Rome’s Conquest of the Italian Peninsula, 509 to 264 B.C.E. • Rome gradually took over the Italian Peninsula in 200 years of fighting. • Rome continued to fight for new territory and to protect the territory they captured.
As Rome’s Territory Grew • Each city had to keep a large permanent army. • More Romans were forced to serve in the army. • Plebeians served in the army. • Conquered people had limited privileges. • Roman allies had to pay Roman taxes.
Overseas Expansion During the Punic Wars, 264 to 146 B.C.E. • Rome’s wars with Carthage are called the Punic Wars. • The First Punic War fought at sea. • Rome took over the Island of Sicily.
The Second Punic War • It started 23 years later. • Carthaginians decided to attack Italy. • Hannibal a brilliant Carthaginian general marched across the Alps . His troops rode elephants. • He fought the Romans for 15 years.
Hannibal • In 202 B.C.E. Hannibal returned home to defend Carthage against a Roman army. • He was defeated in battle. • Carthage had to give up Spain along with huge sums of money.
What happens Next? • For 50 years there is peace. • Then Cato, a Roman Senator, demanded the destruction of Carthage. • Third Punic war lasted three years and Carthage was burned to the ground.
After Carthage • Riches and slaves flowed into Rome along with new customs. • Many new ideas came from Greece. • Greek homes and Greek temples.
Expansion During the Final Years of the Republic, 145 to 44 B.C.E. • Roman conquests had brought great wealth. • More wars that cost money. • The Romans resented paying money. • Had to put down slave revolts. • Rome was crowded. • Farmers and laborers did not have jobs. • The Republic collapsed.
Civil War • Between two generals Pompey and Julius Caesar. • Both men wanted to control Rome. • Pompey had the support of the Roman Senate.
Julius Caesar • Was told not to enter Italy with his army. • He disobeyed. • On January 11, 49B.C.E. he entered the city. • After three years of fighting he defeated Pompey. • Caesar was named dictator for life.
Julius Caesar • Had a vision of Rome. • He started colonies and granted citizenship. • On March 15, 44 B.C.E. a group of enemies stabbed Caesar to death.
Rome Becomes and Empire,44 B.C.E. to 14 C.E. • Caesar’s murder began a civil war in Rome. • Octavian became the absolute ruler of Rome. • The Senate gave him the name of Augustus meaning honored.
Augustus • Augustus encouraged education, art, and literature. • He repaired more than 80 ruined temples. • Rome had a police force, fire fighters, and library.
The Vast Empire Needed a Strong Economy • The Romans improved trade routes by building harbors, canals, and roads. • Roman coins made trade easier.
Pax Romana • Under Roman rule there was mostly peace for 200 years.
