From Republic to Empire

1. Rome’s 500 Years of Expansion From Republic to Empire Click arrow for next slide

2. DirectionsHow to navigate this review • On the next slide you will see the menu. • Review as many expansion periods as you need. • Click the arrows to advance the slides in that expansion period • When you are finished reviewing, or at any time, click the map to take you to the menu

3. MenuWhich period do you want to review? Overview 1st period of expansion 2nd period of expansion 3rd period of expansion 4th period of expansion I got this! Check your understanding

4. Rome’s Four Periods of ExpansionOverview 509 B.C.E. - 264 B.C.E. • Rome defeats the Latins and Etruscans to gain control of the Italian Peninsula • Rome defeats Carthage in a series of Punic Wars spanning over 100 years • Rome conquers the Mediterranean world • Empire period – expansion to natural boundaries 264 B.C.E. - 146 B.C.E. 145 B.C.E. - 44 B.C.E. 44 B.C.E.- 14 C.E.

5. Rome’s Four Periods of ExpansionOverview

6. Rome’s Four Periods of ExpansionOverview

7. No further review needed? • Check your understanding of ALL FOUR expansion periods: http://www.monroe.k12.nj.us/Page/7687 • Click the map to return to the menu and continue reviewing

8. #1 Rome Gains Control of the Italian Peninsula • Almost 200 years of constant warfare

9. #1 Rome Gains Control of the Italian Peninsula • Constant warfare continues… • A permanent army made up of plebeians was established.

10. Land gained during the 1st period of expansion

11. Now what? • Questions? • Post to the Wiki: http://lowden2012.wikispaces.com/Expansion+1 • Still confused? Read 34.3 in your textbook • Think you know the first period of expansion? • Check your understanding: http://www.monroe.k12.nj.us/Page/7687 • Click the map to return to the menu and continue reviewing

12. Rome and Carthage fought for control of the western Mediterranean Sea for over 100 years. Three major periods of fighting: First Punic War Fought at sea. Carthage had a powerful navy. To defeat Carthage, Rome copied the Carthaginian navy and won in 264 B.C.E. Rome gained Sicily, as well as other islands. # 2 The Punic Wars

13. Second Punic War • General Hannibal of Carthage marched his army across the Alps to Rome for a surprise attack. • Hannibal’s men fought on the Italian peninsula for 15 YEARS – but never attacked the city of Rome! • Rome attacked the city of Carthage • Hannibal returned to defend Carthage • Carthage lost/Rome gained Spain and control of important Mediterranean trade routes

14. Third Punic War • 50 years of peace between the Second and Third Punic War • Lasted 3 years. • The Roman Senate demanded the total destruction of Carthage • Rome won/Carthaginians became slaves. • Rome now the greatest power in the Mediterranean • Rome now controlled North Africa, Spain, Greece and Macedonia.

15. Cost of the Punic Wars • Rome’s new power came at a price • Families mourned soldiers who had died • Farms destroyed or in ruins • Small farms were replaced by large estates with slaves

16. Roman Empire after the 2nd period of expansion

17. Now what? • Questions? • Post to the Wiki: http://lowden2012.wikispaces.com/Expansion+2 • Still confused? Read 34.4 in your textbook • Think you know the second period of expansion? • Check your understanding: http://www.monroe.k12.nj.us/Page/7687 • Click the map to return to the menu and continue reviewing

18. Wealthy Country with Problems Non-citizens rebelled against taxes Slave Revolts Spartacus’ Revolt -Thousands of slaves were hung as a punishment. Mobs in cities unhappy- too few jobs “Armies” fought in civil wars One civil war changed history… #3 Final Years of the Republic Rome Controls the Mediterranean

19. Pompey vs. Caesar • Pompey had Senate’s support • The Senate forbade Caesar from bringing his army into Italy. • Caesar crossed Rubicon River in 49 B.C.E. • Caesar fought Pompey for three years and won. • Caesar named dictator for life, ending the Republic • Caesar created many reforms: • Started public projects to give thousands jobs • He kept the poor happy by offering free gladiator fights

20. Roman Empire after the 3rd period of expansion

21. Now what? • Questions? • Post to the Wiki: http://lowden2012.wikispaces.com/Expansion+3 • Still confused? Read 34.5 in your textbook • Think you know the third period of expansion? • Check your understanding: http://www.monroe.k12.nj.us/Page/7687 • Click the map to return to the menu and continue reviewing

22. Julius Caesar murdered - 10 years of Civil War followed. Octavian, Julius Caesar’s grandnephew and adopted son, ultimate winner. Octavian allowed the Senate authority in Rome. The Senate named Octavian, Augustus – meaning honored (same guy, new name) #4 Rome Becomes an Empire

23. #4 Rome Becomes an Empire • Emperor Augustus : • Encouraged art, education, and literature • Sponsored major building projects (Temples/Libraries) • Created the first police force, first firefighters • Refined the calendar (the same one we use today! • Ruled over 50 million people • Created a solid economic system • Trade routes reached as far as China. • Punished people for being unfaithful to husbands/wives.

24. PAX Romana – Roman Peace • Augustus' reign started a period of peace which lasted for 200 years. This time is known as the PaxRomana (Roman Peace) • Defending the large empire became increasingly hard and costly as it went on…

25. Roman Empire after the 4th period of expansion

26. Rome grows to become an Empire • Roman Empire in 100 BCE • Roman Empire in 218 BCE • Roman Empire in 14 CE • Roman Empire in 44 BCE

27. Now what? • Questions? • Post to the Wiki: http://lowden2012.wikispaces.com/Expansion+4 • Still confused? Read 34.6 in your textbook • Think you know the fourth period of expansion? • Check your understanding: http://www.monroe.k12.nj.us/Page/7687 • Click the map to return to the menu and continue reviewing

28. Think you know it all? • Check your understanding of ALL FOUR expansion periods: http://www.monroe.k12.nj.us/Page/7687 • Just kidding! I need to review some more. Click the map to return to the menu and continue reviewing