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A Closer Look at the Objects of our Solar System

A Closer Look at the Objects of our Solar System. S1-4-08a Compare and contrast properties of the planets of our solar system. KEY WORDS M V E Mo J S U N P Terrestrial Gas giants Asteroid Belt Kuiper Belt. Formation of our Solar System Matter recycled from past supernova explosions

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A Closer Look at the Objects of our Solar System

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  1. A Closer Look at the Objects of our Solar System

  2. S1-4-08a Compare and contrast properties of the planets of our solar system. KEY WORDS M V E Mo J S U N P Terrestrial Gas giants Asteroid Belt Kuiper Belt

  3. Formation of our Solar System Matter recycled from past supernova explosions • Nebula made mostly of hydrogen and helium • Iron, rock and ice made up about 1% • Outer region of nebula: • Gases (far from new Sun) begintocool • Cluster togetherand condense • Forming the Gas Giants: • Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune Gas Giants appear to lack solid surfaces, but the gases may become liquid or solid deeper towards their dense core

  4. Inner region of nebula: • Gases in the inner region too hot to condense • Chunks of iron and rock collide and stick together • Forming Terrestrial planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars Terrestrial planets are composed of rock, iron and hard elements through to the molten core

  5. Nebula • hydrogen and helium • Iron, rock and ice Attracted by gravity, clustered together

  6. Terrestrial planets(inner planets)

  7. Mercury • Closest to the Sun • Receives sunlight 10x brighter than Earth • Day temperatures over 400°C • No atmosphere- so night temp fall to -180°C • Day (rotation) – 59 Earth days • Year (revolution) – 88 Earth days It rotates so slowly that its “year” is less than 2 “days” long

  8. Venus Sun and Moon are brightest objects • 3rd brightest object in the sky • CO2 atmospheretraps heat (+ 465°C) • Many volcanoes eject tonnes of sulphur • Clouds of sulphuric acid – makes acid rain • Day (rotation) – 243 Earth days • Year (revolution) – 225 Earth days Its “year” is shorter than its “day”

  9. Earth • Atmosphere (N2, O2, H2O) stabilizes temperature • Ranges from -85°C to +65°C • Liquidwater covers about 70% of surface • Generally stable – some volcanoes, earthquakes • Day (rotation) – 1 Earth days • Year (revolution) – 365 1/4 Earth days Distance from the Sun is most responsible for the factors that contribute to Earth’s ability to sustain life

  10. Mars • Bright red - iron oxide dirt makes it reddish • Most studied planet (no signs of life… yet ) • Of all planets, Mars is most like Earth • Surface temp ranges from -120°C to +30°C • Day (rotation) – 1 Earth day • Year (revolution) – 687 Earth days Although it is dry and barren now, scientists have evidence that may point to past glaciers and liquid water

  11. An Asteroid Belt separates the Terrestrial planets from the Gas Giants – maybe remains of a totally smashed older planet

  12. The Gas Giants(outer planets) Look at the shadow of a moon on the picture of Jupiter

  13. Jupiter • Largest of the planets (11x bigger than Earth). • Has 63 moons (2006) • Great Red Spot is a continuous hurricane • Temp around -160°C • Day (rotation) – 10 Earth hours • Year (revolution) – 11.9 Earth years The coloured bands are gas clouds being streaked over the surface as it rotates quickly

  14. 3 moons and a shadow in this picture

  15. Saturn • 2ndlargest of the planets • Least dense – may not have a solid core • Rings stretch from Earth to Moon • 60 moons and1000 rings (could be crushed moon) • Day (rotation) – 11 Earth hours • Year (revolution) – 29.5 Earth years Notice the coloured bands on the surface here too

  16. Some kids on Earth didn’t know this photo was being taken when they were playing with laser pointers….

  17. Uranus • Rotates on its side • Extremely cold -210°C • Has several narrow, dark rings • Has 27 moons • Day (rotation) – 17 Earth hours • Year (revolution) – 84 Earth years It is now pronounced “ur-an-is” not “ur-anus”

  18. Neptune • Only discovered because its gravity “tugs” on Uranus’s orbit causing changes • Blue and white – methane in atmosphere • The Great Dark Spot is a gigantic storm • Extremely cold -220°C • Day (rotation) – 16 Earth hours • Year (revolution) – 165 Earth years Neptune has some faint rings too, and 20 moons

  19. Kuiper Belt • disc-shaped region of thousands of icy objects • Extends from Neptune to about 30 to 55 AU • Pluto and Eris are the best known dwarf planets • even further - Oort Cloud (> 5000 AU) Pluto was reclassified as a dwarf planet in 2006

  20. Pluto • Orbit is squished – it crosses Neptune and is sometimes closer to Sun • No atmosphere – not a Gas giant • Extremely cold -220°C • Has 3 moons! • Day (rotation) – 6 Earth days • Year (revolution) – 248 Earth years Astronomers have found objects bigger than Pluto orbiting the Sun

  21. CAN YOU ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS? S1-4-08a: How are the Gas Giants different from the Terrestrial planets? What is unique about each planet? KEY WORDS M V E Mo J S U N P Terrestrial Gas giants Asteroid Belt Kuiper Belt

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