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CHAPTER 4

CHAPTER 4. ADLER'S INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOLOGY. Individual Psychology. Theory that seeks to understand the behavior of each person as a complex, organized entity operating within a society.

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CHAPTER 4

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  1. CHAPTER 4 ADLER'S INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOLOGY

  2. Individual Psychology • Theory that seeks to understand the behavior of each person as a complex, organized entity operating within a society. • Social Interest - innate tendency in human beings to help and cooperate with one another as a means of establishing a harmonious and productive society. • feelings of inferiority and striving for superiority in accordance with social interest. • feelings of inferiority and striving for superiority in a selfish, uncooperative way.

  3. Personality Development • Style of Life - individual’s distinctive personality pattern, which is basically shaped by the end of early childhood. • destructive life styles • ruling type - person who strives for personal superiority by trying to exploit and control others. • getting type - person who attains personal goals by relying indiscriminately on others for help. • avoiding type - person who lacks the confidence to confront problems and avoids or ignores them.

  4. Personality Development (style of life cont.) • constructive life styles • socially useful type - person who actively and courageously confronts and solves his or her problems in accordance with social interest.

  5. Personality Development (cont.) • Creative Birth Order - how each child is treated by parents depends to a large extent on the child’s order of birth within the family. • first borns - understand the importance of power, dominance, and intellectual achievement. • confluence model (Zajonc) - support for Adler's views of first borns

  6. Personality Development (birth order cont.) • second borns (and later borns) - likely to be rebellious and highly competitive. • youngest borns - family members tend to spoil them. • only borns - likely to lack social competence. • Falbo research suggests Adler was wrong about only borns. • Inadequacies of Confluence Model (Steelman and Rodgers).

  7. Therapeutic Assessment Techniques • Early Recollections - earliest memories provide insights into life style. • Dream Analysis - technique used to uncover unconscious goals in accordance • with his or her life style. • Birth Order Analysis - provides information about the unconscious lifestyle goals of the person.

  8. Evaluative Comments • Comprehensiveness - broad scope. • Precision and Testability - not very precise and very difficult to test adequately. • Parsimony - too simplistic and reductionistic. • Empirical Validity - weak support for most aspects of the theory. • Heuristic Value - major contributions to existential psychology and psychiatry and on the Humanistic psychology movement. • Applied Value - has high-applied value.

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