Unit XIV: Excretion

1. Unit XIV: Excretion Removal of Metabolic Wastes

2. ___________________________________________ of metabolic wastes A build up wastes would become ________ to the organism Those wastes maybe be _____________________________ A. Metabolic Wastes material made from the substances that are utilized by cells a) ___________________________________________ b) _________________________________________________________ c) _________________________________________________________ d) _________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________ e) _________________________________________________________ *feces is not considered a metabolic waste because is has never entered the cells

3. B. Adaptations for Excretion 2. Excretion in the Hydra - ___________ out through the ______________ very similar to the protists 1. Excretion in Protists - ____________ out through the ________________ - _______________ – ___________________ – removes water from the paramecium

4. 3. Excretion in the Earthworm - large and multicellular – most of its __________________ with the environment  ___________________________ ______________________ - __________ – excretory structure found in pairs in most of the segments Creates ______________________________________ ____________________________________________ Nephrostome – _____________________ from the body cavity of the worm; funnel shaped with cilia Capillaries – __________________________________ ____________; also reabsorb useful materials Bladder – _______________ until they are ready to be released Nephridiopore – ____________________ of the body

5. Nephridia is designed very similar __________________________________

6. 4. Excretion in the Grasshopper - Wastes enter _____________________ from the body cavity by __________________________________ - Wastes are then ________________________________ - In the intestines ___________________________ and the ______________________________________________ - __________________________________________ does not dissolve in water  ___  ________________ excreted by insects, reptiles, birds - ________________________________________________

8. C. NITROGENOUS WASTES Formed from the _________________________________ 1. ________________________ - simplest but _______________________ - Made by all organisms but has to be transformed by organisms as not to kill them 2. ________________________ - less ______________________________________ of ___________________ - Made by __________________________, fish 3. ________________________ - least toxic, dry, does not dissolve in water - Made by _____________, reptiles, birds

9. D. Human Excretory System 1. Lungs - Lungs remove ______ and ______ - CO2 and H2O are the end products of ______________

10. 2. Role of the Liver a) _________________________ - removes ______________________________ - bacteria, drugs, hormones - returns less toxic materials to the blood to be excreted from the body b) _________________ - made of ______________________________________ - collected in the gall bladder and released into the intestines - helps digest and absorb fat - small intestine reabsorbs much of the bile salts - ____________ – build up of broken down hemoglobin  turn yellow – eyes, finger nails, skin

12. c) ______________________ - Made from broken down amino acids - ___________  ___________  ____________

13. 3. Urinary System a) __________________ - ___________ organs, “washing machines”, 3 layers - ______ (outer), _______ (middle), ___________ (inner) - Remove __________________ - __________________ - ____________________ of substances (___________)

14. * _______________ * - _________________________________ - millions of nephrons in each kidney - Blood enters the nephron from the renal artery - _______________ – collection of _________________ - _________________________________________________ __________- (collecting duct) pushed out under _________ good and bad substances - __________________________ _______________ = filtrate – 180 L per day - ___________ – filtrate passes into ___________ – ________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ - Left over fluid is _______ – __________________________  flows into the collecting duct

16. b) _____________ - ___________________ of the _____________ the beginning of the ureter - tube that _________________ to the _________________ c) ______________________ - ___________ until it is time to go to the bathroom d) ______________ - _________________________ ______________________

18. 4. ____________ - keeps the body from _________________ - removes ______________________ _______________________________ ______________ – takes water and heat of the skin “standing in front of the fan after gym”

19. 5. Diseases of the Urinary System a) ___________________ - overload _______________________________ - generally associated with _______________ - liver becomes over grown and filled with scar tissue - can not function properly – ______________________

20. b) __________________ - ___________________________________________ - form stones that __________________________________ - use _________________________________

21. c) _______________ - _____________________ ______________________ ______________________ - from a build up of urea in the blood  ____________ d) _______________ - used to __________________ - machine that ___________________ – ____________________