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Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates. CH 2 OH. O. H. H. H. OH. H. OH. HO. H. OH. Carbohydrates. energy molecules. sugar. sugar. sugar. sugar. sugar. sugar. sugar. sugar. Carbohydrates. Carbohydrates are composed of C, H,O carbo - hydr – ate Function: Immediate energy & energy storage

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Carbohydrates

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  1. Carbohydrates

  2. CH2OH O H H H OH H OH HO H OH Carbohydrates energymolecules

  3. sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar Carbohydrates • Carbohydrates are composed of C, H,O carbo - hydr – ate • Function: • Immediate energy & energy storage • Monomer: monosaccharides • ex: sugars, starches, cellulose

  4. H O C CH2OH CH2OH C OH O H H O H H H OH H OH H C H HO OH HO HO H H H OH OH H Glyceraldehyde Glucose Ribose Saccharides are Sugars • Most names for sugars end in -ose • Classified by number of carbons ENERGY IS STORED IN THE BONDS BETWEEN THE CARBONS!!!! 6 3 5

  5. CH2OH O H H H OH H OH HO H OH Glucose Simple & complex sugars • Monosaccharides • simple 1 monomer sugars • glucose • Disaccharides • 2 monomers • sucrose • Polysaccharides • large polymers • starch

  6. Simple Sugars • Monosaccharides • Disaccharides • Fast digestion: • raise blood sugar • immediate energy • Examples: fruit, honey,syrup, table sugar, milk • glucose and fructose (mono) • sucrose and lactose (di) • Excess consumption: • Obesity: diabetes, heart disease, stroke

  7. Polysaccharides • Large polymers: • costs little energy to build • easily reversible = release energy • Function: • energy storage • structure = building materials

  8. Complex Carbohydrates • Polysaccharides • Digest slowly: • Do not raise blood sugar • Long release of energy • Examples: • Breads and starches • Roots, tubers, vegetables, whole grains, cerals beans, and legumes

  9. Cellulose • Most abundant organic compound on Earth • herbivores can digest cellulose • most carnivores cannot digest cellulose • that’s why they eat meat to get their energy & nutrients • Roughage = FIBER!!!

  10. Let’s eat some Carbohydrates!

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