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The Problem of Power Consumption in Servers

The Problem of Power Consumption in Servers. L. Minas and B. Ellison Intel-Lab In Dr. Dobb’s Journal, May 2009 Prepared and presented by Yan Cai Fall 2009 Green Computing. Motivation. Server energy consumption has increased from 50w to 250w since 2000

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The Problem of Power Consumption in Servers

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  1. The Problem of Power Consumption in Servers L. Minas and B. Ellison Intel-Lab In Dr. Dobb’s Journal, May 2009 Prepared and presented by Yan Cai Fall 2009 Green Computing

  2. Motivation • Server energy consumption has increased from 50w to 250w since 2000 • Energy cost will exceed the server cost if this trend does not change Source: IDC, Scaramella 2006

  3. Outline • Motivation • Where heat comes from • How cooling is achieved • How power is consumed • Conclusions

  4. Where heat comes from • Server form factor • Server power consumption is affected by server form factor, including • the individual configuration, • the heat and thermal environment • the workload being processed • … 2U Pedestal 1U Blade

  5. Where heat comes from • The amount of heat, (Q), generated by an integrated circuit is a function of • The efficiency of the components' design (e) • The technology used in its manufacturing process (t) • The frequency and voltage at which it operates (f,v) • Over-clocking also generates a great amount of heat

  6. Outline • Motivation • Where heat comes from • How cooling is achieved • How power is consumed • Conclusions

  7. How cooling is achieved • Two common methods • Heat sinks • Fans Natural convection heat sink (Source: Wikipedia, 2008)

  8. Outline • Motivation • Where heat comes from • How cooling is achieved • How power is consumed • Conclusions

  9. How power is consumed Estimated Average Power Use (W) per Server Estimated Average Power Use (W) per Server, by Server Class, 2000 to 2006 (Source: Koomey J 2007b Estimating Total Power Consumption by Servers in the US and the World. Oakland, CA: Analytics Press) Google container Data Center http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zRwPSFpLX8I

  10. Total power consumption • Power consumption of a Quadcore Intel Xeon server Server Power Consumption (Source: Intel Labs, 2008)

  11. Total power consumption (cont’d) • Power consumption of components

  12. Total power consumption (cont’d) • Total power consumption • Estimation of power consumption CPU Utilization and Power Consumption (Source: Blackburn 2008)

  13. Memory power consumption • The memory demand is growing in the future, because • More processors on chip, • Increasing use of virtualization, • More memory intensive search applications (Google and Facebook) • The memory power consumption is growing in the future • The more the memories, the larger the power consumption • The faster the memories, the larger the power consumption

  14. Memory power consumption (cont’d) • Memory Power Comparison RDIMM Memory Power Comparison (Source: Intel Platform Memory Operation, 2007)

  15. Memory power consumption (cont’d) • Power consumption by vendors and configurations RDIMM Power Consumption by Vendor and Configuration (Sources: Publicly-available datasheets from each vendor, 2008)

  16. Memory power consumption (cont’d) • 64GB system power consumption Future DIMM Power Consumption by Frequency, Configuration, and Capacity (Source: Intel Platform Memory Operation, 2008)

  17. Memory power consumption (cont’d) • How to reduce memory energy consumption • By doing thermal analysis, embedding thermal sensors and throttling 1U Server Architecture (Source: Intel Labs, 2006)

  18. Memory power consumption (cont’d) • Memory throttling mechanisms • Closed loop thermal throttling (CLTT) • Closed loop, rely on thermal sensors • Open loop throughput throttling (OLTT) • Open loop, work based on bandwidth count • Memory throttling degrades performance

  19. Power supply efficiency loss • Power supply efficiency vs. utilization level Server Power Supply Efficiency Test Report (Source: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 2004)

  20. Storage power consumption • Average hard disk power consumption for average operations • Average hard disk power consumption for IO intensive operations

  21. Conclusions • High-end servers consume more power, but might be less efficient in terms of power consumption • At present, CPU still consumes the most power, compared to other components • In the future, memory can consume more power than CPU • Considering a significant amount of power loss, the efficiency of power supplies is also very important • The power consumption by hard drives is closely related to the workload the server is processing

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