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ECE 3110: Introduction to Digital Systems Chapter 6 Combinational Logic Design Practices. Circuit Timing. Previous…. Drawing Layouts Flat Hierarchical Buses Signal/bus flags for inter-pages Complete Schematic Diagrams IC types Reference designator (unit number) Pin numbers
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ECE 3110: Introduction to Digital SystemsChapter 6Combinational Logic Design Practices Circuit Timing
Previous… • Drawing Layouts • Flat • Hierarchical • Buses • Signal/bus flags for inter-pages • Complete Schematic Diagrams • IC types • Reference designator (unit number) • Pin numbers • Pinouts for SSI ICs in standard DIP (74 series)
Timing Diagrams • A timing diagram illustrates the logical behavior of signals as a function of time. • Causality: which input transitions cause which output transitions. • Different through a circuit paths may have different delays. • A signal timing diagram may contain many different delay specifications. • Delay depends on: Internal circuit structure, Logic Family type, Source Voltage, Temperature
Timing Diagram for Data signals and Buses Logic Circuit(Memory) DATAOUT DATA IN WRITE_L t1 Logic Circuit(Counter) STEP[7:0] CLEAR COUNT
Propagation Delay • The delay time between input transitions and the output transitions due to the propagation delay of the logic gates. • tp of a signal depends on the signal path inside the logic circuit • For a logic gate tpLH may not equal tpHL, (e.g. in TTL) • tp is specified in the manufacturer data sheets of the IC’s • Example: The delay for 74x00 in nanoseconds for TTL & CMOS Families: LS, HCT,AHCT • To find tp for a signal, add the propagation delays of all gates along the path of the signal
Timing specifications • A timing table may specify a range of values for each delay for a device. • Maximum: longest possible delay • Typical: under near-ideal condition • Minimum: smallest. Many manufactures don’t specify this values in most moderate-speed logic families (74LS,74S TTL). Set to zero or 1/4~1/3 of typical delay if not specified.
Delays of SSI parts • All inputs of an SSI gate have the same propagation delays to the output. • TTL gates usually have different delays for LOW-to-HIGH and HIGH-to-LOW transitions, while CMOS gates usually don’t. • The delay from an input transition to the corresponding output transition depends on the internal path taken by the changing signal.
pp. 366 Delays for selected MSI parts
Timing analysis • Study logical behavior of SSI/MSI devices • Worst-case delay: • Maximum of tpLH andtpHL for each component • Sum of the worst-case delays through the individual components, independent of the transition direction and other conditions. • Tools • CAD and simulators: Xilinx, MAXPLUS
Next… • Combinational PLDs • Reading Wakerly CH-6.3,6.4