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Understanding Macromolecules: Structure, Function, and Isomerism in Biochemistry

This comprehensive guide explores the complexities of macromolecules, including carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. It delves into the importance of structural isomers and stereoisomers, highlighting how differing arrangements of covalent bonds and spatial orientation influence biological functions. The text examines essential biomolecules such as glucose, triglycerides, and hemoglobin, explaining their roles in energy storage, support, and enzymatic functions. Knowledge of these macromolecules is critical for understanding biochemical processes and pharmacological applications, such as the impact of enantiomers in drug design.

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Understanding Macromolecules: Structure, Function, and Isomerism in Biochemistry

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Macromolecules

  2. Isomers • S = Difference in covalent bonds • G = Difference in arrangement around double bond • E = Different in spatial arrangement

  3. Pharmacological Enantiomers

  4. Awakenings

  5. Thalidomide

  6. Chemical Groups

  7. Macromolecules • Carbohydrates • Proteins • Lipids • Nucleic Acids

  8. Monosaccharides

  9. Glucose

  10. Disaccharides

  11. Polysaccharides (Storage)

  12. Polysaccharides (Storage)

  13. Chitin (Structural)

  14. Cellulose (Structural)

  15. Buyer’s Beware

  16. Lipids • Triglycerides • Glycerol • Three fatty acids

  17. Saturated vs. Unsaturated

  18. Phospholipids

  19. Lipid Functions • Energy storage • Cushions internal organs • Insulation • Membrane Structure • Water storage • Toxic storage • Chemical Messengers

  20. Proteins

  21. Peptide Bonds

  22. Primary Structure

  23. Secondary Structure

  24. Tertiary Structure

  25. Quaternary Structure

  26. Hemoglobin

  27. Protein Functions • Support • Storage • Transport • Coordination of body activities • Response • Movement • Defense • Enzymes

  28. Nucleic Acids

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