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Job Analysis

Job Analysis. SOC325 Behavior at Work Feb 4, 2002 Spector, Ch 3. What did you find about a lecturer? Tasks / duties Personal attributes. Two major approaches. Job-oriented JA What people do on a job? List of tasks performed (may be further broken down into different level of specificity)

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Job Analysis

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  1. Job Analysis SOC325 Behavior at Work Feb 4, 2002 Spector, Ch 3

  2. What did you find about a lecturer? • Tasks / duties • Personal attributes J. Kwong

  3. Two major approaches • Job-oriented JA • What people do on a job? • List of tasks performed (may be further broken down into different level of specificity) • Person-oriented JA • What kind of a person is needed to do the job? • Personal attributes and characteristics required to successfully perform the job • Knowledge, skill, ability, other personal characteristics (KSAOs) J. Kwong

  4. Sources of JA information • Who gives the info? • Incumbent / Supervisor • Best as SME - people with extensive knowledge about the content and requirements of the job. • Job analyst / Trained observers • How to collect the info? • Perform the job / work participation • Administer questionnaires J. Kwong

  5. Job Analysis Instruments • Job-oriented JA • e.g., Functional Job Analysis • Job + Person-oriented JA • e.g., Position Analysis Questionnaire, • Occupational Information Network O*NET J. Kwong

  6. Job-oriented: FJA • 3 dimension that are applicable to all jobs • Describes the job`s typical interaction with • People: amount of contact with others, eg., • Data: dealing with numbers, words, symbols, any info, e.g., • Things: Animate (e.g., animals) or inanimate (e.g., tools, machines) • PDT each is given a score to indicate its level of complexity (range from high to low) J. Kwong

  7. Data, People, Things 0 Synthesizing 0 Mentoring 0 Setting Up 1 Coordinating 1 Negotiating 1 Precision Working 2 Analyzing 2 Instructing 2 Operating-Controlling 3 Compiling 3 Supervising 3 Driving-Operating 4 Computing 4 Diverting 4 Manipulating 5 Copying 5 Persuading 5 Tending 6 Comparing 6 Speaking- 6 Feeding- Signaling Offbearing 7 Serving 7 Handling 8 Taking Instructions- Helping J. Kwong

  8. Job-oriented: FJA • Over 40,000 different jobs have been analyzed by FJA • Included in the comprehensive job classification guide DOT - Dictionary of Occupational Titles • Part of the occupational titles • http://www.oalj.dol.gov/public/dot/refrnc/dotparts.htm J. Kwong

  9. Job+Person-oriented: PAQ • A structured questionnaire (189 items) that analyzes jobs in terms of 6 categories: • information input: how does employee get information, read, hear, ... • mental processes (mediation processes): what to do with information, decision making activities and info processing requirement • work output: what to do physically • relationship with other persons (interpersonal activities): interact with other people • job context: physically challenging conditions • other job characteristics: work schedule, fixed, variable J. Kwong

  10. Job+Person-oriented: PAQ • SME fills in the PAQ • Score the items • Generate a profile of the task elements • Translate the elements into KSAOs • Each elements in the categories can be translated into KSAOs for any job • e.g., Involves using mathematics or numeric input - require numeric skill J. Kwong

  11. Job+Person-oriented: O*NET • O*NET, the Occupational Information Network, is a comprehensive database of worker attributes and job characteristics. It is the replacement for the Dictionary of Occupational Titles (DOT). • DOT is in the process of being replaced by O*NET. O*NET can be found at • http://www.doleta.gov/programs/onet/ J. Kwong

  12. Job evaluation • Spector, p.66-67 • Link the wages to the KSAOs needed for a job • Point method - to determine the pay levels of job by estimating their comparative worth • Compensable factors • education required • consequences of error on the job • Sum up the points for all factors J. Kwong

  13. Uses of Job Analysis Job Evaluation Pay Job Analysis Criterion Development Performance Appraisal Employee Selection Job Description Career development/Training J. Kwong

  14. JA - Front desk manager • Task / duties • Motivate and lead subordinate • Planning and organizing • Handle complaints • KSAOs? J. Kwong

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