The Neolithic Revolution: Transition to Civilization

1. Chapter 1 Section 2 Notes

2. 2 HOME Humans Try to Control Nature Key Idea People gradually give up hunting and gathering and learn to cultivate crops, domesticate animals, and live in settled villages. Some villages grow and prosper, developing complex social and economic systems that set the stage for the development of civilization. Overview Assessment

3. 2 TERMS & NAMES MAIN IDEA HOME Humans Try to Control Nature GRAPH Overview •nomad •hunter-gatherer •Neolithic Revolution •slash-and-burn farming •domestication WHY IT MATTERS NOW The development of agriculture spurred an increase in population and the growth of a settled way of life. New methods for obtaining food and the development of technology laid the foundations for modern civilizations. Assessment

4. I. Achievements in Technology and Art

5. Otzi the Iceman

7. A. A New tool kit

8. 1. Nomads were people that wandered from place to place

9. 2. Most nomads were hunter gatherers

10. 3. Most used a wide variety of tools or technology

11. B. Paleolithic Art AustraliaThis rock painting from Australia features two humanlike figures holding up their hands. Early artists used stencils to create these outstretched hands, which commonly appear in Australian rock art.

12. AlgeriaFarming and herding gradually replaced hunting as a means of getting food. This African cave painting from Algeria shows women and children tending cattle. The white rings—symbols for huts—illustrate an early version of signs used in writing. FranceStampeding wild horses and bison seem to come alive in this prehistoric painting from Lascaux Cave in France. After viewing such striking scenes, the world-famous, 20th-century artist Picasso reportedly said, "We have learned nothing

13. 1. Many types of art

14. a. Necklaces

15. b. Realistic sculptures

17. c. Cave paintings

18. 1. France

19. Lascaux Relieves

20. Lascaux Cave Art

21. 2. Spain

22. Altamira, Spain

23. Altamira, Spain

24. Coa Valley Portugal

25. a. Wild animals

26. b. Man

27. II. The Neolithic Revolution

28. A. About 10000 years ago seed planting by women probably led to farming

29. B. Causes of the Agriculture Revolution

31. 1. Climate may have been a factor

32. 2. Farming provided a steady source of food

33. C. Early Faming Methods

34. 1. Slash-and-burn farming

35. a. Cut trees, grasses, and scrubs then burned the fields

36. 1. Ashes fertilized the fields

37. b. Farmers planted crops for a year or two

38. D. Domestication of Animals

39. 1. The taming of animals

40. 2. Started by driving herds into man made enclosures

41. 3. Nomads for years had herded sheep and goats

42. E. Revolution in Jarmo

43. 1. The Zagros Mountains are in northeastern Iraq is thought to be the birthplace of agriculture

44. Jarmo today

45. 2. Environmental conditions favored the region

46. a. Wild wheat, barley, goats, pigs, sheep and horses thrived there

47. 2 2 Section Assessment Development of Agriculture HOME Humans Try to Control Nature GRAPH 1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. List the effects of the development of agriculture. Rise in population Emergence of farming villages More available food More cultural developments New farming tools More stable communities continued . . .

48. 3. In the 1950’s RobertBraidwood an archaeologists uncovered a site called Jarmo

49. Robert Braidwood

50. III. Villages Grow and Prosper