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Stages of the Fur Trade

Explore the stages of the fur trade, from informal exchanges to company monopolies and intense rivalries. Discover the impact of European powers on native communities and the shift in control of the fur trade.

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Stages of the Fur Trade

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  1. Stages of the Fur Trade

  2. Phase 1: Ship to Shore (1497-1608) Increasing demand for furs in Europe – need for more organized trade to provide adequate supply Informal fur trade between French and English fishermen and natives Cabot discovers cod fishery 1497 1534 1600 French and natives meet each summer at Tadoussac, exchanging furs for European goods Cartier claims Gulf of St. Lawrence for France – meets natives who want to trade furs for European goods

  3. Phase 2: Company Monopoly (1608-63) Champlain establishes French settlement at Quebec Huron, weakened by disease, are exterminated in warfare with Iroquois Flow of furs to France disrupted 1608 1649 1663 • French form alliance with Huron, who become “middlemen in French fur trade • 1630s: Jesuit missionaries sent to convert Huron to Christianity French colony on verge of collapse due to Iroquois attacks

  4. Phase 3: Reorganization & Rivalry (1663-1763) Young King Louis XIV assumes direct control of New France French government issues licenses to fur traders 1663 1668 • Two French traders Radisson & Groseilliers, refused license to export furs out of Hudson Bay, take their idea to England, making successful voyage in 1668 ‘Coureurs de bois’ (young Frenchmen) replace Huron as middlemen in fur trade

  5. Phase 3: Reorganization & Rivalry (1663-1763) England’s King Charles II issues charter to Hudson’s Bay Co., granting it exclusive rights to trade furs out of Hudson Bay Natives bring furs to HBC posts on shore of Hudson Bay (“sleep by the frozen sea”) 1670 1700 HBC charter grants ownership of all lands drained by rivers emptying into Hudson Bay

  6. Phase 3: Reorganization & Rivalry (1663-1763) French establish chain of trading posts west of Great Lakes in effort to divert furs from HBC to Quebec French trading lines stretch thousands of kilometers into Canadian West 1700 1730s 1763 • French lose Seven Years’ War • New France becomes British colony • Newly arrived English merchants assume control of French fur trade La Vérendrye & sons establish French posts on Lake Winnipeg and Saskatchewan River

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