### Understanding Incomplete Dominance, Codominance, and More in Genetics ###

1. Look at the Parent and F1 generation above. Predict possible genotypes for the parent flowers. Draw a Punnett Square to demonstrate the possible offspring and what their phenotypes should be.

2. **A blending effect occurs**

3. Incomplete Dominance Neither allele completely dominant Heterozygous genotype somewhere between homozygous phenotypes (blending) Example: Red flower x white flower → pink flowers

4. Examples… • Mike Wazowski is a resident of Monsters, Inc. Land. • His Dad is BB for blue color • His Mom is YY for yellow color • What do you think Mike’s genotype is??? • What does this mean about inheritance of skin color in this species of monster?

6. Codominance • Both alleles contribute to phenotype • See both phenotypes in offspring • Examples: Black x white chicken → speckled chicken

7. Examples… • The Wiley Coyote Bird of the deserts has a black and red stripes on its body. • Homozygous BB is black stripes only • Homozygous RR is red stripes only • Heterozygous BR is ???

8. Examples… x Red horse x white horse results in ROAN – both colors expressed

9. Multiple Alleles • Genes that are controlled by more than 2 alleles • Example: Rabbit coats – 29 different alleles determine coloration

10. Ex: Blood Types

11. Polygenic Traits • Traits controlled by interactions between 2 or more genes • Different combos, diff phenotypes • Example: Skin color Height

13. Sex LinkageEx: Color-blindness Gene carried on X - more males than females. Why? * Males – XY * Females – XX Males have ONE X →ALL x-linked traits are expressed even if they are recessive Second X can mask trait in females

14. Trait: Sight: Normal – E colorblind – e Gender: Male – Y Female – X Normal Vision Male: XEY Carrier Female: XEXe

15. Example: Hemophilia Disorder in which blood does not clot normally