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Transformations in Synthetic Biology

Discover the fascinating world of synthetic biology with the UCSF iGEM Team as we explore DNA, the Central Dogma, and the process of bacterial transformation. Learn how DNA, housed in the nucleus of cells, directs cellular function through RNA and proteins via transcription and translation. Delve into bacterial transformation, where foreign DNA can be introduced to cells, illustrated by the example of jellyfish genes making bacteria glow. The potential applications of this technology range from drug creation to environmental solutions. Join us in understanding these breakthroughs!

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Transformations in Synthetic Biology

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  1. Transformations in Synthetic Biology Brought to you by the UCSF iGEM Team

  2. What is DNA? DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid It’s what makes you… you!

  3. DNA is housed in the nucleus (“brain”) of the cell. It contains all of the information the cell needs.

  4. How does the DNA tell the cell what to do? It does this through the Central Dogma!

  5. What is the Central Dogma? It is an explanation of the flow of genetic information in an organism. RNA Proteins DNA DNA from the nucleus is made into information, or proteins, that can be used in the organism.

  6. There are two processes that make up the Central Dogma: Transcription and Translation DNARNA RNAProtein

  7. is a process in the nucleus in which the DNA is coded into RNA (ribonucleic acid), that can tell the protein makers (ribosomes) what to make. Transcription DNARNA Protein Factory (ribosome)

  8. There are two processes that make up the Central Dogma: Transcription and Translation DNARNA RNAProtein

  9. is a process in which the ribosome (protein factory) turns the RNA into proteins for the cells to use. Translation RNAProtein Protein RNA Translation

  10. Scientists use the Central Dogma to study and change organisms through transformation.

  11. What is transformation? Did you think of… Optimus Prime? Or…. A caterpillar turning into a butterfly? It’s neither!

  12. We’re thinking of bacterial transformation!

  13. What is bacterial transformation? Transformation is the alteration of cells by the incorporation of foreign DNA into the cell Recipient bacterial cell Transformed cell

  14. How do you transform cells to glow green? Not transformed bacteria

  15. We know that some jellyfish naturally glow green…

  16. …And we also know that we can take DNA from other organisms to put into bacteria!

  17. So… We can use a jellyfish gene to make bacteria glow! GFP Jellyfish have something called “GFP”, or green fluorescent protein, that makes them glow green Jellyfish DNA

  18. The Steps of Bacterial Transformation SUCCESS! Then we mix the DNA with bacteria. The bacteria will take in the DNA and then… First, we isolate the DNA. GFP

  19. Transformed bacteria! Ask us to see bacteria with GFP (green) orRFP (red)!

  20. We can also make bacteria… • Create drugs such as insulin • Break down plastics or oils • And more! But, we aren’t just limited to making bacteria glow different colors. The possibilities are endless!

  21. Thanks for watching!

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