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Japan’s Pacific Campaign. Chapter 32, Section 2. vs. Introduction. Japan attacks Pearl Harbor in Hawaii and brings the United States into World War II. Japan was busy conquering an empire that dwarfed Hitler’s Third Reich
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Japan’s Pacific Campaign Chapter 32, Section 2 vs.
Introduction • Japan attacks Pearl Harbor in Hawaii and brings the United States into World War II
Japan was busy conquering an empire that dwarfed Hitler’s Third Reich Japan had conquered much of southeast Asia including the Dutch East Indies, Guam, and most of China
Japan and the United States • Japan develops a plan for attacks on European colonies and U.S. bases • In 1941 President Franklin D. Roosevelt cuts off oil shipments to Japan. • Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto plans attack on U.S. fleet in Hawaii
Pearl Harbor - Dec. 7, 1941 A date which will live in infamy!
Pearl Harbor Memorial 2,887 Americans Dead!
Waves of the Attack • First wave, 182 planes • Second wave, 171 planes
Day of Infamy • Japan attacks Pearl Harbor—U.S. Naval base in Hawaii—on December 7, 1941 • U.S. declares war on Japan December 8, 1941. • Japan also attacks Hong Kong, Thailand, and other islands
Japanese Victories • Guam and Wake Island • The Philippines • Japanese attack Philippine Islands defended by U.S., Filipino troops. • Philippine islands fall to Japanese in 1942.
Bataan Death March • The forcible transfer of 75,000 American and Filipino prisoners of war in the Philippines from the Bataan peninsula to prison camps • Beheadings, cut throats and casual shootings were the more common and merciful actions — compared to bayonet stabbings, rapes, disembowelments, numerous rifle butt beatings and a deliberate refusal to allow the prisoners food or water while keeping them continually marching for nearly a week in tropical heat.
Bataan Death March: April, 1942 76,000 prisoners [12,000 Americans] Marched 60 miles in the blazing heat to POW camps in the Philippines.
Bataan Death March Memorial“The Battling Bastards of Bataan”
Gains in Many Places • Japan captures British holdings, including Hong Kong and Singapore. • Japan conquers the Dutch East Indies which is rich in minerals • Japan captures Burma. This threatens India, Britain’s main possession in Asia. • Japanese forces treat conquered peoples and prisoners of war brutally
The Burma Campaign General Stilwell Leaving Burma, 1942 The “Burma Road”
Doolittle Raid • U.S. bombers attack Tokyo and other Japanese cities in April 1942. • (Here Lt. Col. James H. Doolittle wires a Japanese medal to a bomb, for "return" to its originators in the first U.S. air raid on the Japanese Home Islands.) • Raid does little damage, but shows that Japan is vulnerable.
Allies Turn the Tide • Battle of the Coral Sea—Americans stop Japanese advance, May 1942. • New kind of naval warfare—ships launch planes to fight each other (see next slide).
Bombers do not engage each other, but pass each other on the way to the enemy aircraft carrier.
The Allies Strike Back • The Battle of Midway • Japanese send powerful fleet to capture Midway Island. • Battle of Midway—U.S. destroy half of Japan’s aircraft carriers causing Japan to retreat.
An Allied Offensive • MacArthur’s Plan • Douglas MacArthur—American army commander in the Pacific. • He plans to “island-hop” past strongholds in order to attack weaker Japanese bases.
Guadalcanal • Battle of Guadalcanal—hellish battle that ends in Allied victory.
Guadalcanal Diary (book and film) • Hollywood cooperated with the war effort by producing films to build the morale of the American people. • Released in 1943. • The film recounts the fight of the United States Marines in the Battle of Guadalcanal, which occurred only a year before the movie's release. While the film has notable battle scenes, its primary focus is on the characters and back stories of the Marines.
