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Final Exam Review Part B

Final Exam Review Part B. What is Chargaff’s rule?. A. amounts of A=T and C=G B. amounts of A=C and G=T C. amounts of A=G and C=T D. amounts of A, T, C, and G are equal ANSWER: A. What amino acids do these form?. AUG CCG UAC CCC UAG

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Final Exam Review Part B

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  1. Final Exam ReviewPart B

  2. What is Chargaff’s rule? • A. amounts of A=T and C=G • B. amounts of A=C and G=T • C. amounts of A=G and C=T • D. amounts of A, T, C, and G are equal • ANSWER: A

  3. What amino acids do these form? • AUG CCG UAC CCC UAG • Methionine - proline - tyrosine - proline- STOP

  4. Where is the sugar? The phosphate? The nitrogenous bases?

  5. Where is the sugar? The phosphate? The nitrogenous bases? • Phosphate • Sugar • Nitrogenous base

  6. What do you call the 3 bases of: • DNA - mRNA - tRNA • ANSWER: triplet - codon - anticodon

  7. Identify the parts of protein synthesis:

  8. ANSWERS Transcription = DNA –mRNA (in nucleus) Translation= mRNA –tRNA (at ribosome)

  9. What is the mutation? • ORIGINAL DNA: AAA AUG CCC CUA • MUTATION: AAA GUA CCC CUAA. insertion • B. deletion • C. translocation (between 2 diff. chrom.) • D. inversion (flipped on one chrom.) • ANSWER: inversion

  10. Which mutations will be inherited? • A. from both somatic and sex cells • B. from only sex cells • C. from only somatic cells • ANSWER: B

  11. What do you call the circular DNA in bacteria? • A. rRNA • B. chloroplast • C. nucleolus • D. plasmid • ANSWER: D

  12. If you place recombinant DNA into an organism, it is called: • A, genomic • B. eugenic • C. transgender • D. Transgenic • ANSWER: D

  13. What are the single-stranded parts of a plasmid called? • STICKY ENDS

  14. What is this?

  15. Recombinant DNA = inserted DNA from a different organism + plasmid What is this?

  16. What would be the DNA bases to join these single strands? • A T T C C G • T A A G G C G C T A • ANSWER: A T T C C G C G A T • T A A G G C G C T A

  17. Which mutations will be inherited? • A. those from the sex cells of the parents • B. those from the skin cells of the parents • C. those from any cell of the parents • D. those only from the mother • ANSWER: A

  18. What do you call this rabbit? • Alba has a gene called luciferase in it from a firefly. It is now… • A. translucentB. transgenic • C. genomic • D. eugenic • ANSWER: B

  19. What process separates DNA according to size and charge? • A. PCR • B. gel electrophoresis • C. cloning • D. probing • ANSWER: gel electrophoresis

  20. What is the definition of evolution? • A. change in frequency of alleles over time • B. process in which an organism becomes extinct • C. reproductive isolation of members of certain species • D. replacement of one community by another • ANSWER: A

  21. Scientific age of the Earth • A. 60,000 years old • B. 4.5 million years old • C. 4.5 billion years old • ANSWER: C • Also: Age of living things 3.5 billion years

  22. Define homologous structures: • A. same structures, same functions, same origins • B. same structures, different functions, same origins • C. different structures, same functions, same origins • D. different structures, same functions, different origins • ANSWER: B

  23. Inherited traits that help an organism to survive and reproduce in a particular environment is called: • A. adaptations • B. mutations • C. petrification • D. evolution • ANSWER: A

  24. If you have a large number of differences of amino acids in a protein found in two different species suggest that: • A. they evolved in similar environments • B. they are closely related • C. they are distantly related to one another • D. they are the same species • ANSWER: C

  25. What are preserved remnants or impressions of the evidence of life? • A. chromosomes • B. traits • C. homologous chromosomes • D. fossils • ANSWER: D

  26. When an allele controlling a trait has HIGH fitness its frequency in the population should: • A. decrease • B. increase • C. remain the same • ANSWER: B

  27. Which is NOT a condition of the Hardy Weinberg? • A. no migration in or out • B. equal reproduction of all organisms • C. random mating • D. high rates of mutation • ANSWER: D • Also large population and no natural selection

  28. When fertile individuals move in or out of a population and reduce genetic differences between these populations is called: • A. gene flow • B. microevolution • C. bottleneck effect • D. founder effect • ANSWER: A

  29. Natural Selection works on an organism’s: • A. genotype • B. phenotype • ANSWER: B

  30. In what type of rock would you find fossils? • A. igneous • B. metamorphic • C. sedimentary • ANSWER: C

  31. Which were most likely the most primitive organisms? • A. corals • B. bacteria • C. fish • D. eukaryotes • E. Mr. Bethem • ANSWER: B or E

  32. If A=.7 and a=.3, what is the frequency of the homozygous dominant individuals? • A. .49 • B. .09 • C. .42 • D. 1 • ANSWER: A AA = p2 (.7) (.7) Aa = 2pq aa = q2 p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1 Hardy-Weinberg

  33. A. B. C. ANSWER:A Which graph is showing directional evolution?

  34. A. B. C. Directional Disruptive stabilizing Which graph is showing directional evolution? White brown black

  35. The raw material for evolution comes from… • A, natural selection • B. gene flow • C. mutations • D. genetic drift • ANSWER: C

  36. Which are most closely related? • Red algae and green algae • Red algae brown algae • Diatoms and yeast • ANSWER: brown and red algae

  37. Which are most related? • Rhea and Stuthio • Rhea and Pterocnemia • ANSWER: Rhea and Pterocnemia

  38. Darwin did not know about: • A. fossils • B. genes • C. gene flow • D. artificial selection • ANSWER: B

  39. Which of these (choose 2)would be in the same family? • Cat alligator lion manatee • ANSWER: cat and lion

  40. In what kingdom are all of these? • Cat alligator lion manatee • ANSWER: animalia

  41. Which phylogenetic treeshows the most diversity? • A B C • ANSWER: C

  42. Which species is most closely related to humans? • ANSWER: chimpanzees

  43. What are same structures, same origin, different function? • A. homologous • B. analagous • ANSWER: • homologous

  44. What is taxonomy? • A. study of molecular biology • B. study of anthropology • C. study of classification • D. geology • E. stuffing dead animal carcasses • ANSWER: C

  45. Which are the primary consumers? • ANSWER: • Mouse • Deer • Cricket

  46. Where are the producers? • ANSWER:D

  47. What % of energy is passed to each trophic level above it? • A. 10 • B. 90 • C. 50 • ANSWER: 10%

  48. Which is where both organisms benefit? • A. mutualism • B. parasitism • C. commensalism • D. predation • Answer: A

  49. Which fossil is the oldest? • ANSWER: A

  50. Describe forest succession Primary succ = start with rock Seconday succ.=start with soil • Lichen and moss’ acids break down rock • Small plants • Shrubs • Pines then oaks and maples

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