1 / 40

Thirty Years War

Thirty Years War. Europe in the 1500’s . Idea of a “Universal Religion”. Holy Roman Empire Founded 800 AD Charlemagne “Emperor of the Romans” Intended to be “Universal Christian Empire”. Charles V. Holy Roman Emperor King of Spain 1516-1556. Problems. Martin Luther (1483-1546)

kasi
Télécharger la présentation

Thirty Years War

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Thirty Years War

  2. Europe in the 1500’s

  3. Idea of a “Universal Religion” • Holy Roman Empire • Founded 800 AD • Charlemagne “Emperor of the Romans” • Intended to be “Universal Christian Empire”

  4. Charles V • Holy Roman Emperor • King of Spain • 1516-1556

  5. Problems • Martin Luther (1483-1546) • Preached beliefs against Catholic Church • Catholic Church: Good deeds=salvation • Martin Luther: God’s Mercy=salvation

  6. Peasant’s War • Attempt to tie Protestant Reformation with social reformation • Certain states revolted, became Protestant

  7. Four Phases of War: • 1. Bohemian Period • 2. Danish • 3. Swedish Period • (Treaty of Prague) • 4. French Period • (Peace of Westphalia

  8. Bohemian Period (1618-1625) • Ferdinand of Styria elected Ferdinand II of Holy Roman Empire • Huge supporter of Catholic cause • Elected own Emperor: Frederick V • Defenestration of Prague: Calvinist rebels threw Bohemian royal council out of a window

  9. Catholics vs. Protestants • Catholic League: alliance of German Catholic Principalities (south Germany) • Sided with Ferdinand II • Protestant Union: alliance of German Protestant principalities (northern Germany) • Sided with Frederick V

  10. End of Bohemian Period • Catholic and Habsburg victory

  11. Danish Period (1625-1629) • Christian IV: Lutheran king of Denmark • Duke of Holstein, member of HRE • Supported Frederick • Sent army against imperial forces

  12. Catholic Response • Ferdinand enlisted help of Albrecht von Wallenstein • Military genius

  13. Treaty of Lubeck (1629) • Christian IV got to keep Denmark • In return, was not allowed to support the Protestant German states

  14. Edict of Restitution • Ferdinand repossessed Protestant territories belonging to Catholic Church

  15. Swedish Period (1630-1635) • Led by King GustavusAdolphusII • France and Sweden sign alliance • Catholic France and Protestant Sweden vs. Catholic HRE • Battle of Lutzen: Swedes win, but Adolphus dies • Sweden loses every battle since • Wallenstein assassinated later

  16. Treaty of Prague • Delay of Edict of Restitution by 40 years • Strengthened Hapsburgs further • Did not satisfy France

  17. French Period (1635-1648) • France declared war on Spain in May 1635 • Holy Roman Empire in August 1636 • Ferdinand II dies in 1637 • Cardinal Richelieu dies in 1642 • Louis XIII dies in 1643

  18. Treaty of Westphalia (1648) • End of Thirty Years War

  19. Absolute Sovereignty • Sovereignty: Jean Bodin believed that sovereign power consisted of: • the authority to make laws, • tax, • administer justice, • control the state's administrative system • determine foreign policy.

  20. Divine Right of Kings • Kings received their power from God, so therefore their power was absolute • Responsible to no one except God

  21. Cardinal Richelieu • Stripped the autonomy of several towns • Mostly Protestant towns in France (Huguenots) who rebelled against crown • Divided France into 30 administrative (bureaucracy) Districts instead of nobles to run country

  22. King Louis XIV • Versailles • Forced all nobles to come to the court • Bogged down in custom, the nobles could not think of rebellion

  23. England and Constitutionalism • France’s kings getting more powerful, England’s kings gradually less powerful

  24. England was different…. • Magna Carta- kings were held subject to the law • Parliament: gradually transformed from advisory council to legislature of England

  25. Henry VIII • Broke from Rome • Began Church of England (still held most practices of Catholicism) • Elements in England wanted to change England to make more Protestant

  26. Elizabeth I • Made England more Protestant • Had no children

  27. James Stuart (James I) • King of Scotland (James VI) • Tried to make England Absolute Monarchy • Struggled with Parliament

  28. Charles I • Son of James • Married daughter of King of France (Catholic) • Tried to unite England and Scotland • One king, one faith • Scotland revolts, invades England • Charles forced to call Parliament

  29. English Civil War • King vs. Parliament • Parliament Wins • Charles I tried and executed

  30. Commonwealth Period (1649-1660) • Oliver Cromwell • Protestant fundamentalist dictatorship • Shakespeare’s theatre (Globe) burned down • Cromwell dies 1658

  31. Restoration (1660-1688) • Charles II (1660-1685)- son of Charles I invited to be king • Possibly Catholic, but didn’t show it

  32. James II (1685-1688) • Catholic • Wanted to make England Catholic again • Regain Absolute Monarchy

  33. Glorious Revolution • King William and Mary of Orange (Netherlands) • Overthrew her father • Became new king and queen of England • Parliament forced them to sign “English Bill of Rights” • Expanded rights of landed gentry from Magna Carta • Limited power of king • Constitutional Monarchy • John Locke’s “Second Treatise on Government” (1690)

  34. Russia • Czars- Russian Emperors • Actually were absolute rulers • In exchange for absolute rule, nobles given complete control over peasants • Law Code of 1649: established serfdom • Peter the Great (1689-1725) • Made Russia into modern European state • Consolidated Czar power

  35. Baroque Style • Emphasis on Grandeur and Drama • Usually focused on Religious themes

  36. Sant'Andrea al Quirinale

  37. Calling of St. Matthew by Carvaggio

  38. Versailles

  39. Versailles

More Related