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Development of Liquid Nitrogen Time Projection Chambers

Development of Liquid Nitrogen Time Projection Chambers A. Ereditato, M. Hess, S. Jano ŝ , I. Kreslo, S. Lehmann, M. Messina, U. Moser, B. Rossi, H.-U. Sch ü tz, M. Zeller Presented by Igor E. Kreslo, Ph.D. LHEP, University of Bern. Multi-energy X-ray cargo radiography –

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Development of Liquid Nitrogen Time Projection Chambers

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  1. Development of Liquid Nitrogen Time Projection Chambers A. Ereditato, M. Hess, S. Janoŝ, I. Kreslo, S. Lehmann, M. Messina, U. Moser, B. Rossi, H.-U. Schütz, M. Zeller Presented by Igor E. Kreslo, Ph.D. LHEP, University of Bern I.Kreslo CHIPP workshop on Detector R&D, University of Geneva, 11-12 June 2008.

  2. Multi-energy X-ray cargo radiography – can still something be hidden? Sensitive to: Metal objects High density objects Characteristic shapes Not very sensitive to: Specific chemical composition 2D shaped objects (sheet explosives) I.Kreslo CHIPP workshop on Detector R&D, University of Geneva, 11-12 June 2008.

  3. Gamma Nuclear Resonant Absorption method of Nitrogen detection (Soreq NRC, 1985) 9.17 MeVγ ~1.5 MeV 14N 13C p I.Kreslo CHIPP workshop on Detector R&D, University of Geneva, 11-12 June 2008.

  4. e- e- e- e- e- Gamma Nuclear Resonant Absorption method of Nitrogen detection (Proposed by Soreq NRC* to US FAA in 1985) Detector Intensity Non-Resonant γ Resonant γ 14N 13C p 14N e- N content e- * Sorec National Research Center, Yavne, 81800, Israel I.Kreslo CHIPP workshop on Detector R&D, University of Geneva, 11-12 June 2008.

  5. Detector for GRNA radiography High spatial resolution (order of 1 mm or better) Large active volume High density High Nitrogen content TPC on liquid Noble gases (LAr, LXe) LNitrogen ? I.Kreslo CHIPP workshop on Detector R&D, University of Geneva, 11-12 June 2008.

  6. Ionisation signals in Liquid Argon - Nitrogen Plans and Perspectives I.Kreslo CHIPP workshop on Detector R&D, University of Geneva, 11-12 June 2008.

  7. Charge transport in Liquid Argon - Nitrogen I.Kreslo CHIPP workshop on Detector R&D, University of Geneva, 11-12 June 2008.

  8. Electron mobility in Liquid Argon - Nitrogen Detector scheme I.Kreslo CHIPP workshop on Detector R&D, University of Geneva, 11-12 June 2008.

  9. LAR TPC prototype Mixture LAr-LN is prepared directly in the cryostat. The content of Nitrogen is monitored by density sensor. ρLAr= 1.4 g/cm3 ρLN = 0.8 g/cm3 Density sensor: Floater C = f(ρ) I.Kreslo CHIPP workshop on Detector R&D, University of Geneva, 11-12 June 2008.

  10. LAR TPC prototype Wire pitch 2 mm HV power supply 0-30kV 100 x 100 mm To preamp 8mm I.Kreslo CHIPP workshop on Detector R&D, University of Geneva, 11-12 June 2008.

  11. LAr TPC prototype Argon used: Carbagas 1, Commercial grade “48” ( < 2*10-7 impurities concentration) Nitrogen used: Carbagas, Commercial grade “50” ( < 10-7 impurities concentration) No additional purification is done for the first tests. 1 Carbagas, Hofgut, 3073 Gumligen , Switzerland I.Kreslo CHIPP workshop on Detector R&D, University of Geneva, 11-12 June 2008.

  12. LAR TPC prototype and performance Detector readout, amplifier, DAQ CAEN V1724 VME 8xADC Shaping Q-integrating preamplifier, ~ 25 mV/fC Wire chamber I.Kreslo CHIPP workshop on Detector R&D, University of Geneva, 11-12 June 2008.

  13. LAR TPC prototype and performance Muon 0-30 kV I.Kreslo CHIPP workshop on Detector R&D, University of Geneva, 11-12 June 2008.

  14. LAR TPC prototype and performance Cosmic Muon Tracks recorded ~ 5 mm drift I.Kreslo CHIPP workshop on Detector R&D, University of Geneva, 11-12 June 2008.

  15. LAr TPC prototype and performance TPC response to a primary ionization Primary ionisation Q0 Recombination losses q0=A*Q0 Attachment losses q=q0e -(D/λ) Particle E collection wires I- Ar+ e- I- I- Ar+ e- e- D, drift distance I.Kreslo CHIPP workshop on Detector R&D, University of Geneva, 11-12 June 2008.

  16. LAR TPC prototype and performance TPC response to a Compton electrons - simulation Losses during the charge drift affect the shape of the spectrum, but not the end point ! End point can be used to measure recombination. I.Kreslo CHIPP workshop on Detector R&D, University of Geneva, 11-12 June 2008.

  17. LAR TPC prototype and performance TPC response to Compton electrons from 60Co (1.17 and 1.33 MeV gammas) (measured data) I.Kreslo CHIPP workshop on Detector R&D, University of Geneva, 11-12 June 2008.

  18. LAR TPC prototype and performance 60Co (1.17 and 1.33 MeV gammas) “Box model” : I.Kreslo CHIPP workshop on Detector R&D, University of Geneva, 11-12 June 2008.

  19. LAR+N TPC prototype and performance 60Co (1.17 and 1.33 MeV gammas) Recombination vs Nitrogen content (vol. %) A=1 I.Kreslo CHIPP workshop on Detector R&D, University of Geneva, 11-12 June 2008.

  20. LAR+N TPC prototype and performance Recombination vs Nitrogen content, (vol. %) A~0.5 A=1 I.Kreslo CHIPP workshop on Detector R&D, University of Geneva, 11-12 June 2008.

  21. LAR+N TPC prototype and performance Recombination vs Nitrogen content, (vol. %) A~0.5 Similar effect was observed by D.W. Swan in 1963, with about 0.6 vol. % of LN ( for reference see slide 7) but not explained ! A=1 I.Kreslo CHIPP workshop on Detector R&D, University of Geneva, 11-12 June 2008.

  22. A Betha LAR+N TPC prototype and performance Box model parameters evolution with LN content (vol. %) I.Kreslo CHIPP workshop on Detector R&D, University of Geneva, 11-12 June 2008.

  23. LAR+N TPC first test conclusions • First prototype TPC with Liquid Argon-Nitrogen mixture operates well in Bern. • Collected charge at 8 mm drift and 6 vol. % of Nitrogen is sufficient to see MIPs and 1 MeV electrons (signal / noise >10). • At 6% of Nitrogen such TPC is already more efficient for GRNA, than liquid scintillator detectors. • Further study on recombination mechanisms in LAr-N is needed. • The technology is very promising for security applications ! I.Kreslo CHIPP workshop on Detector R&D, University of Geneva, 11-12 June 2008.

  24. LAR+N TPC Plans and Perspectives • More detailed study on recombination vs Nitrogen content with non-resonant gammas. • Study of charge attachment cross-section vs Nitrogen content. • 3. Proton - electron separation study (simulation) • 4. Tests with resonant gammas on a proton accelerator. • 5. Optimization of the detector geometry for GRNA scenario. • 6. Contacts with industry - building a cargo screener prototype I.Kreslo CHIPP workshop on Detector R&D, University of Geneva, 11-12 June 2008.

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