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The Great Migration: British Immigration 1815 - 50

The Great Migration: British Immigration 1815 - 50. Canadian History October 2006. Population of BNA, 1806-51. Why leave Europe? Push Factors. The Napoleonic Wars ended in 1815 causing an economic depression & high unemployment Massive population growth

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The Great Migration: British Immigration 1815 - 50

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  1. The Great Migration:British Immigration 1815 - 50 Canadian History October 2006

  2. Population of BNA, 1806-51

  3. Why leave Europe? Push Factors • The Napoleonic Wars ended in 1815 causing an economic depression & high unemployment • Massive population growth • Higher life expectancy (more people were surviving famines & disease due to new farming methods & better diets)

  4. Population Explosion Effects • Pop had outpaced economic opportunity • Land & jobs were scare for many • People crowded into urban areas & lived in slums • Many decided to leave for America for better opportunities

  5. British Govt Reaction • Increased policies for emigration to solve the problems such as high unemployment, poverty, & social unrest

  6. Scotland • Many Scottish farmers were evicted from their homes in a process called clearances • Landlords reclaimed farmland from settlers & created huge sheep farms to provide wool for English textile mills • Over 50,000 Scots moved to Nova Scotia

  7. Ireland…..1840s • Potato was the main crop & staple of the Irish diet • Mid 1840s “potato blight” spread to Ireland & destroyed the crops • Famine set in killing between 1 – 2 million Irish between 1847-51 • In 1847 over 90,000 emigrated to BNA

  8. The Voyage Out • Immigrants arrived at Halifax, St. John, & Quebec • Cargo ships were used to bring the immigrants from Britain to earn extra profits • Cramped conditions, disease, little food, sea sickness, death • “Coffin Ships”

  9. The Voyage Out (Pp 52-54) • Summarize the voyage to North America different for: • An English gentlewoman • Regular immigrants • Where is Grosse Isle? • What purpose did it serve? • Why was Canada considered a ‘poor man’s country” in the mid 1800s?

  10. Canada: Poor Man’s Country • Seasonal work due to harsh winters • Many immigrants relied on charities for food / shelter • Jobs included road building, canal construction, logging, farm labourers, servants

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