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Plant Anatomy

Delve into the intricate world of plant anatomy and tissues, from roots to leaves, and the interdependence between different plant systems. Learn about the functions of leaves, types of tissues like dermal, ground, and vascular, and the structure-function relationship of vascular elements like xylem and phloem.

kathleenrobertson
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Plant Anatomy

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  1. Plant Anatomy

  2. Basic plant anatomy 3 • root • root tip • root hairs • shoot (stem) • nodes • internodes • buds • terminal or apical buds • axillary buds • flower buds & flowers • leaves • mesophyll tissue • veins (vascular bundles)

  3. Leaves • Function of leaves • photosynthesis • energy transformation • organic matter production • gas exchange • transpiration simple vs. compound

  4. Modified leaves tendrils (peas) spines (cacti) succulent leaves colored leaves (poinsetta)

  5. Interdependent systems • Both systems depend on the other • roots depend on sugars produced by photosynthetic leaves • shoots depend on water & minerals absorbed from the soil by roots sugars water &minerals

  6. Plant TISSUES • Dermal • epidermis (“skin” of plant) • single layer of tightly packed cells that covers & protects plant • Ground • bulk of plant tissue • photosynthetic mesophyll, storage • Vascular • transport system in shoots & roots • xylem & phloem

  7. Parenchyma • Parenchyma cells are unspecialized, thin, flexible & carry out many metabolic functions • all other cell types in plants develop from parenchyma

  8. Collenchyma • Collenchyma cells have thicker primary walls & provide support • help support without restraining growth • remain alive in maturity the strings in celery stalks are collenchyma

  9. Sclerenchyma • Thick, rigid cell wall • lignin (wood) • cannot elongate • mostly dead at maturity • Cells for support • xylem vessels • xylem tracheids • fibers • rope fibers • sclereids • nutshells • seed coats • grittiness in pears

  10. Vascular tissue vessel elements • Xylem • move water & minerals up from roots • dead cells at functional maturity • only cell walls remain • need empty pipes to efficiently move H2O • transpirational pull vessel element dead cells Aaaah… Structure–Functionagain! tracheids

  11. Phloem: food-conducting cells • carry sugars & nutrients throughout plant sieve tube companion cell sieve plate plasmodesmata living cells

  12. Phloem: food-conducting cells • sieve tube elements & companion cells

  13. Aaaah… Structure–Functionagain! Phloem • Living cells at functional maturity • cell membrane, cytoplasm • control of diffusion • lose their nucleus, ribosomes & vacuole • more room for specialized transport of liquid food (sucrose) • Cells • sieve tubes • sieve plates — end walls — have pores to facilitate flow of fluid between cells • companion cells • nucleated cells connected to the sieve-tube • help sieve tubes

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