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Plant Anatomy

Plant Anatomy. Honors Biology. Remember…. Atoms Molecules Cells Tissues Organs Organ systems Organisms. Types of Tissues in Plants. Epidermis Function - Protection. Types of Tissues in Plants. Ground Tissue many functions Food storage Water storage Photosynthesis

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Plant Anatomy

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  1. Plant Anatomy Honors Biology

  2. Remember… • Atoms • Molecules • Cells • Tissues • Organs • Organ systems • Organisms

  3. Types of Tissues in Plants • Epidermis • Function - Protection

  4. Types of Tissues in Plants • Ground Tissue • many functions • Food storage • Water storage • Photosynthesis • Think “packing peanuts” • Fills in spaces…

  5. Types of Tissues in Plants • Vascular Tissue • Transports Food and Water through a plant’s body • TWO types of vascular tissue • Xylem • Transports water • Up from roots • Phloem • transports food • Down from leaves • Usually found packaged together within a plant

  6. Types of Plant Tissues • Meristem Tissue • Growing tissue of a plant • LOTS of CELL DIVISION occurs in this tissue (MITOSIS) • Allows the plant to grow in height • Found in the tips of shoots • Found in the tips or roots • Allows SOME plants to grow in width • TREES • Found in a cylinder of tissue that surrounds the trunk of a tree

  7. ROOTS • Functions • Anchor Plant to soil • Obtain water and nutrients from soil • Store food

  8. Roots • Zones of a growing root • Root Cap • Dead tissue • Protects delicate root tip • Zone of cell division • MITOSIS occurs here • LOTS of new cells • SMALL cells – newly formed • Zone of elongation • Cells grow in SIZE • Zone of maturation • Cells take on a particular JOB • Example: Root hair • Increase surface area to take up water

  9. Cross Section through the Middle of a Root • Epidermis • Cortex • Made up mostly of ground tissue • Used for food storage • Vascular Cylinder • Xylem • phloem

  10. STEMS • Functions • Support Leaves • Conduct water and food through the plant • Sometimes store food

  11. Two Main Types of Stems • Herbaceous • Green, soft • Small plants • May be monocot or dicot

  12. Two Main Types of Stems • Woody • Non-green, thicker, harder • Grow in WIDTH, not just length • Cambium – meristem tissue that can grow in width • Located between xylem and phloem • Results in Annual Rings • Usually dicot

  13. Stem Cross Section - MONOCOT

  14. Stem Cross Section - DICOT Epidermis Phloem Cortex Xylem

  15. LEAVES • Function • PHOTOSYNTHESIS!

  16. Leaf Structure • Cuticle • Waxy layer – no cells • Secreted by epidermis • Prevents WATER LOSS

  17. Leaf Structure • Epidermis • Single layer of cells • protection

  18. Leaf Structure • Mesophyll • Palisade Layer • Where photosynthesis occurs • BIG cells • LOTS of chloroplasts • Spongy Layer • Gas exchange occurs here • CO2 IN; O2 OUT

  19. Leaf Structure • Lower epidermis • Protection • Control of water loss • Guard cells and stomata found HERE

  20. How Stomata and Guard Cells Work • When conditions are good (lots of water) • Guard cells are TURGID (full of water) • Guard cells OPEN • Allow CO2 in • Water loss is NOT a problem • When conditions are bad (little water) • Guard cells are FLACCID (empty of water) • They CLOSE • Water cannot escape • BUT…CO2 can’t get in… NO PHOTOSYNTHESIS!

  21. Chloroplast Stomata

  22. Plant Activities • Transpiration • Tropisms • Phototropism • Plant grows toward LIGHT • Geotropism • Growth in response to GRAVITY • Root grows DOWN • Stem grows UP Click HERE for Plants in Motion

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