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Plant Anatomy

Plant Anatomy. Chapter 4. Primary Root. Continues to grow and branch. 1 st structure to emerge from a seed is a root. Secondary Root. 2. A root that arises from the primary root. This is the best place to take root cuttings. Root Hairs.

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Plant Anatomy

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  1. Plant Anatomy Chapter 4

  2. Primary Root • Continues to grow and branch. 1st structure to emerge from a seed is a root.

  3. Secondary Root 2. A root that arises from the primary root. This is the best place to take root cuttings.

  4. Root Hairs 4. Single cell roots that are located a few millimeters back from the root tip.

  5. Root Cap 3. Mass of cells on the tips of roots which protect the root from course soil.

  6. Taproot One in which the primary root grows down from the stem with some small secondary roots forming.

  7. Fibrous Root System Plants that branch into a number of small primary and secondary roots. Ex. Grass

  8. Stem Tubers Swollen tips of a rhizome. Ex. Potato

  9. Adventitious Roots Roots begin from cutting of a plant stem or leaf.

  10. Adventitious Roots Ex. Ivy, Wandering Jew, Heart-leaf philodendron, Coleus

  11. Typical Flower Consist of 4 main parts. • Sepals • Petals • Stamens • Pistils

  12. Sepal The green leaf like structures beneath the petals.

  13. Calyx Is made up of the sepals on one flower. They form a protective covering before the flower opens.

  14. Petal Usually bright in color and serve to attract pollinators, such as insects.

  15. Stamens The male reproductive part of the flower.

  16. Pistils The female reproductive part of the flower.

  17. Define Pollination: Occurs when pollen grains are transferred from the anther to the stigma. Pollination occurs how: Insects, Bats, Birds, Wind

  18. Define Fertilization: Occurs when one sperm nucleus fuses with the egg cell nucleus, forming a zygote that will become a seed. Cross-Pollination: Occurs when pollen grains from flowers on one plant transfer to the stigmas of flowers on another plant.

  19. Define Hybrid: Is the offspring resulting from cross-pollinating two different varieties of species.

  20. Complete Flower Has all 4 major parts. • Sepal • Petals • Stamens • Pistils

  21. Incomplete Flower Lack 1 or more of the 4 major parts. Ex. This one lacks sepals

  22. Imperfect Flower A flower that lacks either stamens or pistils.

  23. Perfect Flower Contains both Stamen and Pistils.

  24. Inflorescence The arrangement of flowers on a stem. Ex. Daisies, Gladiolas

  25. Inflorescence

  26. Cyme Usually flat topped. Ex. Baby’s Breath

  27. Umbel Has several branches from a common point. Ex. Queen Anne’s Lace

  28. Spike

  29. Elongated inflorescence with a central axis along which are sessile flowers. Sessile flowers are attached directly without a stem or stalk. Ex. Gladiolas, Liatris Spike

  30. Raceme

  31. Elongated inflorescence with central axis. Which are simple pedicels of more or less equal length. Ex. Snapdragons, Scotch Broom, Stock Raceme

  32. Panicle

  33. Has a central axis and elongated which there are branches that themselves branch. Ex. Astilbe, Begonias Panicle

  34. Fleshy Fruit Composed of a soft & Fleshy material with seed or seeds enclosed. Ex. Tomato, Peach,Watermelon

  35. Dry Fruit Consist of seeds enclosed in a fruit wall that is hard and brittle when mature. Ex. Sunflower, Pea, Oak

  36. Fruit Seed baring organ.

  37. Seeds Mature fertilized ovules, or eggs, that are contained in the fruit. Ex. Fruit, Grass

  38. Seed Coat Protects the seed.

  39. Seed Embryo Miniature Plant

  40. Endosperm Stored food in specialized tissue.

  41. Monocot Has 1 seed leaf.

  42. Dicot Has 2 seed leaves.

  43. Germination Process of events whereby the seed embryo goes from a dormant stage to an active growing stage.

  44. Germination Requirements • Moisture • Oxygen • Optimal Temperature • Light • Environmental Conditions • Seed not planted too deep.

  45. Germination • Germination is very important so that people will have enough to eat and for farmers to make money!!!!!!!

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