SlideServe
Télécharger Obtenir Pro
Menu
Accueil Pro
Préférences
ApparenceLight Aide et commentaires
© SlideServe · v2026

CARBOHYDRATE TOLERANCE

kaye-cameron avatar
kaye-cameron
20 diapositives · 586 Views · Nov 06, 2014

CARBOHYDRATE TOLERANCE. Glucose tolerance is the ability to regulate the blood glucose concentration after the administration of a test dose of glucose (normally 1 g/kg body weight) Diabetes Mellitus decrease glucose tolerance.

#carbohydrate tolerance #carbohydrate tolerance ppt #powerpoint #presentation
CARBOHYDRATE TOLERANCE - slide 1
01 / 20CARBOHYDRATE TOLERANCE
1 / 17

Télécharger la présentation

CARBOHYDRATE TOLERANCE
Une image / un lien ci-dessous est fourni (tel quel) pour télécharger la présentation

Politique de téléchargement : le contenu du site vous est fourni TEL QUEL pour votre information et votre usage personnel ; il ne peut être vendu, concédé sous licence ni partagé sur d’autres sites sans l’accord de son auteur.Le contenu vous est fourni TEL QUEL, pour votre information et votre usage personnel uniquement. Téléchargez la présentation en cliquant sur ce lien. Lors du téléchargement, si vous ne parvenez pas à télécharger une présentation, l’éditeur a peut-être supprimé le fichier de son serveur.Pendant le téléchargement, si vous ne parvenez pas à obtenir une présentation, le fichier a peut-être été supprimé par l’éditeur.

F I N

Plus de contenu associé

Transcription de la présentation

  1. CARBOHYDRATE TOLERANCE Glucose tolerance is the ability to regulate the blood glucose concentration after the administration of a test dose of glucose (normally 1 g/kg body weight) Diabetes Mellitus decrease glucose tolerance. Normal blood glucose levels are 50-100 mg per desi liter (500/180 - 1000/180 mmol / l). Depend on the intake of food before the test. Patients do not febrile, not in stress.

  2. 500 8 Glucose 400 6 300 4 200 2 Insulin 100 0 0 noon 8 am 6 pm midnight 8 am Blood glucose levels are relatively constant Plasma glucose (mmol/l) Plasma insulin (pmol/l) meals Time of day

  3. There is also an opinion that under the normal curve160 mg/100 ml one hour and120 mg/100 ml two hours after administration of glucose.

  4. BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS Sources:1) Food2) Gluconeogenesis3) Glycogenolysis Maintenance of blood glucose by the liver with glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis, is under hormonal control (glucagon or if blood glucose drops very promptly  epinephrine)

  5. Coordination between organs is needed to control blood glucose levels Glycogen Food consumption Gluconeogenesis Glucose muscle adipocytes liver

  6. 55% Oxidation 45% Brain 75% Glycogenolysis 10% Muscle Glucose 20% Glycolysis (muscle) 25% Gluconeogenesis 25% Re-uptake (liver, gut) 60% from lactate Carbohydrate metabolism Glucose turnover (basal state)

  7. If blood glucose ↓ pancreatic glucagon released, glucagon activates adenylyl cyclase, an enzyme catalyzes formation of cAMP from ATP, cAMP activates the cAMP-dependent protein kinase, which in turn will converts phosphorylase kinase b to phosphorylase kinase a (ATP as phosphate donors). Active phosphorylase kinase catalyzes phosphorylase b to phosphorylase a. Phosphorylase a break down glycogen and generate G 1P. With glucantransferase and debranching enzyme glycogenolysis will proceed until the liver depleted with glycogen. G-1P converted to G-6P and G-6Pase splits the phosphate. Glucose then enters the circulation.

  8. Glycogenn Glycogenn -1 + G-1P  G-6P  G ( in the Liver )

  9. Other hormones (in addition to glucagon and epinephrine)affecting blood glucose levels:InsulinGHACTHCortisolThyroid

  10. INSULIN • Secreted in inactive formProinsulin C peptide + insulin C peptide is more easily measuredSubstances or chemicals which stimulates insulin secretion:glucose, amino acids, free fatty acids, ketone bodies, glucagon, tolbutamide and secretine.In contrast epinephrine inhibits Insulin secretion • Insulin entrance of G into cells except liver, erythrocytes and neuronal cells.

  11. Insulin MW 5808 PC2 (PC3) PC3 Proinsulin C peptide Ca2+-dependent endopeptidases A Chain B Chain

  12. Growth Hormone: Growth hormone may affect levels    blood glucose by activating    Hormone Sensitive Lipase. The resulting fatty acids, and derivatives (acetyl-CoA and ketone compounds) causes inhibition of glucose consumption by peripheral tissues

  13. ACTH (Adreno Cortico Tropic Hormone) • Affect the metabolism of carbohydrates together with GH increase gluconeogenesis Cortisol: enhance gluconeogenesis

  14. Renal function in Carbohydrate Metabolism • As a “safety clap“. If blood glucose ↑ , some will be excreted through the kidneys (renal threshold)Renal threshold: 170 - 180 mg / dl.Glucosuria occurredTubule reabsorption capability350 mg / min.

  15. 55% Oxidation 45% Brain 75% Glycogenolysis 10% Muscle → Glucose 20% Glycolysis (muscle) 25% Gluconeogenesis 25% Re-uptake (liver, gut) 60% from lactate Carbohydrate metabolism Glucose turnover (basal state)

  16. Biomedical importance • Normal metabolism: hunger if not prolonged, sports, pregnancy and lactation • Abnormal metabolism: lack of certain foodstuffs, as well as enzyme deficiencies or because of abnormal hormone secretion. The most interesting disease to study is diabetes mellitus ( DM ).

  17. Glycolysis: Pyruvate kinase enzyme  hemolytic anemia.Malignant tumor ↑ lactic acidHeart can not tolerance unaerobic glycolysis Oxidation of pyruvic acid: vitamin deficiency vit. B1 beri-beri Glycogen: abnormal accumulation of I  VIII MP Shunt: G6PD deficiency  hemolytic Fructose: Essential Fructosuria, "hereditary"                  fructose intoleranceSorbitol: ↑ peristalsis Diabetes Mellitus: ↓ glucose utilization

  18. Hemolytic can be caused by deficiency of thefollowing enzymes:PFK-1 (phosphofructo kinase-1)Pyruvate kinaseG6PD (glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase) High dietary fructose or fructose infusioncan cause:↓ inorganic phosphate (Pi) ↓ ATP synthesisDecreases in inhibition of Purine synthesisby ATP  ↑ Uric acid (uric acid)