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Document-Based Analysis World War I. Daniel W. Blackmon Coral Gables Sr. High. Instructions. For each document, you should concern yourself with: What the document says. What inferences might you make based on the document? What SFI might you bring to bear to help interpret the document?.
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Document-Based AnalysisWorld War I Daniel W. Blackmon Coral Gables Sr. High
Instructions • For each document, you should concern yourself with: • What the document says. • What inferences might you make based on the document? • What SFI might you bring to bear to help interpret the document?
Instructions • What is the Origin of the Document? • What is the purpose of the Document? • What is the value of the document as a source of historical knowledge? • What are the limitations of the document as a source of historical knowledge?
Friedrich Nietzsche, (1844-1900) German philosopher • What is good? All that heightens in man the feeling of power, the desire for power, power itself. What is bad? All that comes from weakness. What is happiness? The feeling that our strength grows, that an obstacle is overcome.
Friedrich Nietzsche, (1844-1900) German philosopher • Not contentment, but more power; not universal peace, but war; not virtue, but forcefulness. The weak and ineffective must go under; that is the first principle of our love for humanity.
Alfred Milner, (1854-1925) English politician • This country must remain a Great Power or she will become a poor country;
Alfred Milner, (1854-1925) English politician • and those who in seeking, as they are most right to seek, social improvement are tempted to neglect national strength, are simply building their house upon sand.
Alfred Milner, (1854-1925) English politician • I have emphasized the importance of the racial bond. From my point of view this is fundamental. It is the British race which built the Empire, and it is the undivided British race which can alone uphold it.
The Constitution of the Ujedinjenje ili Smrt [The Black Hand] • I. Purpose and Name • Article 1. For the purpose of realising the national ideals _ the Unification of Serbdom _ an organization is hereby created, whose members may be any Serbian irrespective of sex, religion, place or birth, as well as anybody else who will sincerely serve this idea.
The Constitution of the Ujedinjenje ili Smrt [The Black Hand] • Article 2. The organisation gives priority to the revolutionary struggle rather than relies on cultural striving, therefore its institution is an absolutely secret one for wider circles.
The Constitution of the Ujedinjenje ili Smrt [The Black Hand] • Done at Belgrade this 9th day of May, 1911 A.D. • Signed: • Major Ilija Radivojevitch • Vice_Consul Bogdan Radenkovitch • Colonel Cedimilj A. Popovitch • Lt._Col. Velimir Vemitch • Journalist Ljubomir S. Jovanovitch
Will Irwin, correspondent. From the New York Tribune, April 25, 1915. • Boulogne, April 25 The gaseous vapor which the Germans used against the French divisions near Ypres last Thursday, contrary to the rules of The Hague Convention, introduces a new element into warfare.
Will Irwin, correspondent. From the New York Tribune, April 25, 1915. • The attack of last Thursday evening was preceded by the rising of a cloud of vapor, greenish gray and iridescent. That vapor settled to the ground like a swamp mist and drifted toward the French trenches on a brisk wind. Its effect on the French was a violent nausea and faintness, followed by an utter collapse. . . .
Woodrow Wilson, "First Lusitania Note to Germany,"May 13, 1915 • The Government of the United States, therefore, desires to call the attention of the Imperial German Government . . . to the fact that the objection to their present method of attack against the trade of their enemies lies in the practical impossibility of employing submarines in the destruction of commerce without disregarding those rules of fairness, reason, justice, and humanity, which all modern opinion regards as imperative....
Captain Gerhard Friedrich Dose • From “The 187th in the Field in Flanders, at Arras and Cambrai 1917/18“ published privately by his grandson.
Captain Gerhard Friedrich Dose • On the evening of October the 3rd, we had to remain at the Fridericus-Rex position. We were under heavier artillery fire than usual. The night of the 4th was remarkably quiet at the whole front line. At October the 4th, exactly at 6 o’clock in the morning an unexpected barrage of artillery fire set in.
Captain Gerhard Friedrich Dose • It looked like one gunner set off the thousands of English guns all at once. This was getting nasty. We also got our share of artillery hits. We had to leave our positions and split up to take cover in the many shell craters. It was cold and rainy and with our tent canvases around our shoulders we stood and waited.
Captain Gerhard Friedrich Dose • An officer came on horse from the front line. Our company leader asked him what was going on. No, he didn’t know either "They’re firing" he said, something we already noticed ourselves.
Siegfried Sassoon, diary entry 25th May 1916. • Twenty-seven men with faces blackened and shiny - with hatchets in their belts, bombs in pockets, knobkerries - waiting in a dug-out in the reserve line. At 10.30 they trudge up to Battalion H.Q. splashing through the mire and water in a chalk trench, while the rain comes steadily down.
Siegfried Sassoon, diary entry 25th May 1916. • . . . A minute or two later a rifle-shot rings out and almost simultaneously several bombs are thrown by both sides; there are blinding flashes and explosions, rifle-shots, the scurry of feet, curses and groans, and stumbling figures loom up and scramble over the parapet - some wounded.
Siegfried Sassoon, diary entry 25th May 1916. • When I've counted sixteen in, I go forward to see how things are going. Other wounded men crawl in; I find one hit in the leg; he says O'Brien is somewhere down the crater badly wounded.
Siegfried Sassoon, diary entry 25th May 1916. • They are still throwing bombs and firing at us: the sinister sound of clicking bolts seem to be very near; perhaps they have crawled out of their trench and are firing from behind the advanced wire.
Siegfried Sassoon, diary entry 25th May 1916. • At last I find O'Brien down a deep (about twenty-five feet) and precipitous crater. He is moaning and his right arm is either broken or almost shot off: he is also hit in the right leg.
Siegfried Sassoon, diary entry 25th May 1916. • Another man is with him; he is hit in the right arm. I leave them there and get back to the trench for help, shortly afterwards Lance-Corporal Stubbs is brought in (he has had his foot blown off).
Siegfried Sassoon, diary entry 25th May 1916. • I get a rope and two more men and go back to O'Brien, who is unconscious now. . . . I make one more journey to our trench for another strong man and to see to a stretcher being ready. We get him in, and it is found that he has died, as I had feared.
Henri Barbusse, Le Feu, 1917 • It was four nights ago that they were all killed together. . . . We were on patrol- . . . and our business was to identify a new German listening-post marked by the artillery observers. We left the trench towards midnight and crept down the slope in line, three or four paces from each other.
Henri Barbusse, Le Feu, 1917 • Thus we descended far into the ravine, and saw, lying before our eyes, the embankment of their International Trench. After we had verified that there was no listening-post in this slice of the ground we climbed back, with infinite care.
Henri Barbusse, Le Feu, 1917 • Dimly I saw my neighbors to right and left, like sacks of shadow, crawling, slowly sliding, undulating and rocking in the mud and the murk, . . . When we got within sight . . . of our line, we took a breather for a moment; . . . .
Henri Barbusse, Le Feu, 1917 • Another turned round bodily, and the sheath of his bayonet rang out against a stone. Instantly a rocket shot redly up from the International Trench.
Henri Barbusse, Le Feu, 1917 • We threw ourselves flat on the ground, closely, desperately, and waited there motionless, with the terrible star hanging over us and flooding us with daylight, twenty-five or thirty yards from our trench.. . .
Henri Barbusse, Le Feu, 1917 • Then a machine-gun on the other side of the ravine swept the zone where we were. . . .
Henri Barbusse, Le Feu, 1917 • The jet of the machine-gun crossed several times. We heard a piercing whistle in the middle of each report, the sharp and violent sound of bullets that went into the earth,
Henri Barbusse, Le Feu, 1917 • and dull and soft blows as well, followed by groans, by a little cry, and suddenly by a sound like the heavy snoring of a sleeper, a sound which slowly ebbed.
Henri Barbusse, Le Feu, 1917 • Bertrand and I waited, grazed by the horizontal hail of bullets that traced a network of death an inch or so above us . . . , driving us still deeper into the mud, nor dared we risk a movement which might have lifted a little some part of our bodies.
