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Tomomi Nio NASDA/EORC

Precipitation Observation from Space in the Next Generation: the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM). Tomomi Nio NASDA/EORC. 16th APAN Meetings / Advanced Network Conference in Busan Aug. 27, 2003. topics. Rain measurement From TRMM to GPM TRMM’s achivements GPM objectives

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Tomomi Nio NASDA/EORC

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  1. Precipitation Observation from Space in the Next Generation: the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Tomomi Nio NASDA/EORC 16th APAN Meetings / Advanced Network Conference in Busan Aug. 27, 2003

  2. topics • Rain measurement • From TRMM to GPM • TRMM’s achivements • GPM objectives • Key of GPM • Data distributiontime delay • High performance network

  3. Water and Our life Typhoon ETAU (11W) • Water Problem • Water shortage • Flood  Food shortage, epidemic diseases, etc. Global warming, Climate change • Many Meetings • The 3rd World Water Forum • Earth Observation Summit The century of Water

  4. Rainfall Measurement • Rain affect most everyone’s life & work • Food production • Flood, drought • Rain is a key variable in • Weather prediction models • Climate models • Air-sea interaction models, etc. • Contribution by rainfall measuring satellites ; TRMM(Tropical Rainfall measuring Mission)

  5. TRMM’s Achievements • Demonstration of the world’s first space-borne precipitation radar technology • Scientific Achievements • Accurate observation of rain distribution in tropical and sub-tropical regions • Diurnal, annual, and long-term variations of precipitation • 3-dimensional rain structure (PR) • Accurate rain observation over ocean and land in equal quality (PR) • Improvement in weather forecasting with 4-D data assimilation • Sea Surface Temperature (SST) estimation under clouds • Estimation of soil moisture (PR) • Successful cooperation between US and Japan • Efficient Data Utilization

  6. Efficient data use • 1. Near real-rime data distribution • NASA-NASDA Back bone Network • Asia Pacific Advanced Network • 2. Software distribution

  7. Back born Network GSFC JPL 3Mb/s JMA 3Mb/s Earth Observation Center ATM Dedicated line Earth Observation Research Center 6Mb/s NASA EBnet

  8. APAN GSFC MAFFIN TRMM data EORC APAN USER USER Rainfall product USER APAN is enough performance for sharing TRMM data in real-time.

  9. Application • Toolkit (TISDIS toolkit) • capable writing HDF or binary • For expert, researcher • Viewer (Orbit viewer) • For expert, researcher, school • Typhoon Data Base • Tropical cyclones database observed by TRMM • For interest

  10. What’s Next? From TRMM to GPM

  11. GPM objective • Improve ongoing efforts to predict climate • by providing near-global measurement of precipitation • Improve the accuracy of weather and precipitation forecasts • through more accurate measurement of rain rates and latent heating. • Provide more frequent and complete sampling of the Earth's precipitation. • This will provide better prediction of flood hazards and management of life-sustaining activities dependent upon fresh water

  12. GPM Reference Concept OBJECTIVE: Understand the Horizontal and Vertical Structure of Rainfall and Its Microphysical Element. Provide Training for Constellation Radiometers. OBJECTIVE: Provide Enough Sampling to Reduce Uncertainty in Short-term Rainfall Accumulations. Extend Scientific and Societal Applications. • Core Satellite • Dual Frequency Radar • Multi-frequency Radiometer • H2-A Launch • TRMM-like Spacecraft • Non-Sun Synchronous Orbit • ~70° Inclination • ~400 - 500 km Altitude • ~4 km Horizontal Resolution • 250 m Vertical Resolution • Constellation Satellites • Small Satellites with Microwave Radiometers • Aggregate Revisit Time, • 3 Hour goal • Sun-Synchronous Polar Orbits • ~600 km Altitude • Global Precipitation Processing Center • Capable of Producing Global Precip Data Products as Defined by GPM Partners • Precipitation Validation Sites • Global Ground Based Rain Measurement

  13. A Rolling Wave View for GPM

  14. Observation by a fleet of satellites with microwave radiometer １ Observation area with MWRs in 3 hours (1, 2, 4 and 8 satellites from top to bottom) ２ Coverages byTRMM PRandGPM DPRin a day ４ ８

  15. 3-hour Global Coverage • The observation area covered in 3 hours by Single satellite Two Constellation Four Constellation Eight Constellation satellites • Issue; • Can we use all of those data in target term; 3 hours?

  16. To get 3hr Rain map… • One of GPM Objectives is to provide morefrequent and complete sampling of the Earth’s precipitation. • Let’s gather and distribute Microwave Radiometer (MWR) L1B data! • Those exchanging should be • Quickly • Frequently • Easily

  17. Key of quick distribution • It is requested to reduce time delay in order to maximize the use of MWR L1B data. There are three elements below; • Data acquisition time delay • Data processing time delay • Data transmission time delay

  18. Key of Data Exchange • Issues for quick, frequent and easy data distribution; • High performance network • Stable • Fast • Easy Access • Data handling Software • Easy equipment • Standard technology

  19. NASDA status • Phase : Conceptual Study • NASDA will start the data processing system and EO information and management system (GPM/EOIS), which should be FLEXIBLE systems. • Not decided the policies yet; • data exchange, data openness • definition of standard product • International WG for data exchange : GDaWG • To Discuss • Content, Metadata, • Network • Exchange mechanisms, format handling (like based on XML) • Standard information technology • Proposing to algorithm developers, program makers, and so on.

  20. Back born Network Kiruna NGN NOAA CNES 1Mb/s CLS Japan 64kb/s MOE 64kb/s JAFIC ATM Dedicated line 1Mb/s ISDN line GSFC APAN JPL 3Mb/s JMA 3Mb/s Earth Observation Center Earth Observation Research Center 6Mb/s NASA EBnet

  21. Concept of GPM Data Network Toolkit, SW Users Application SW EGPM Megha-Tripique GPM CORE NPOESS FY3 GCOM-B1 ARTEMIS TDRS DRTS Users NASA Ground Systems ESA Ground Systems NASDA Ground Systems GLOBAL WARLDWIDE NETWORK GLOBAL WARLDWIDE NETWORK GPM Data Network French Ground Systems Chinese Ground Systems Indian Ground Systems Users Science & Research Weather Disaster Monitoring Education Public & Business

  22. Summary • GPM important key is Data Utilization • Important : data exchange • High performance network <Fast> <stable> • To collect high-frequent observation data immediately • To distribute them for users • Easy Utilization <Standard> <GIS> • To standardize for handling MWRs data which have different characteristics for their data mapping and their statistics. • To use for many kind of people

  23. Thank you!

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