1. Strengths and Naming of Acids + Bases What is a strong acid/base? What is a weak acid/base? Naming Acids + Bases

2. Strength depends on … • how much acid/base ionizes in water • refers to how many particles actually dissociate in water Watch Links!

3. STRONG ACIDS • Completely ionize in water • HCl • H2SO4

4. WEAK ACIDS • SLIGHTLY ionize in water • Acetic Acid (vinegar) = HC2H3O2

5. STRONG BASES • dissociate into metal ions and hydroxide ions • NaOH, Ca(OH)2, Al(OH)3

6. WEAK BASES • React with water to form hydroxide and conjugate • NH3

7. NEUTRALIZATION REACTION This is how pure salts are made in the lab setting.

9. Naming Bases • name of the first element plus hydroxide except Ammonia (NH3) Sodium Hydroxide - NaOH
Potassium Hydroxide - KOH
Ammonium Hydroxide - NH4OH
Calcium Hydroxide - Ca(OH)2
Magnesium Hydroxide - Mg(OH)2Barium Hydroxide - Ba(OH)2Aluminum Hydroxide - Al(OH)3
Lithium Hydroxide - LiOH

10. Naming Acids • To Name Acids with Simple Anions: • The first part of the name uses the prefix hydro. • This is followed by a the name of the simple anion, which is shortened and - ic added • for example: chlorine (Cl-) would become chloric • The last part of the name is the word acid Hydrofluoric Acid - HF
Hydrochloric Acid - HCl
Hydrobromic Acid - HBr
Hydroiodic Acid - HI
Hydrosulfuric Acid - H2S

11. Naming Acids Nitric Acid - HNO3
Nitrous Acid - HNO2Sulfuric Acid - H2SO4
Sulfurous Acid - H2SO3 Phosphoric Acid - H3PO4
Phosphorous Acid - H3PO3 Carbonic Acid - H2CO3
Acetic Acid - HC2H3O2 • To Name Acids with polyatomic anions: • The first part of the name is the name of the anion which is shortened. • One of two suffixes added to this name. • icif the anion name ends in– ate • ousif the anion name ends in– ite • The last part of the name is acid

12. Writing Acid Formulas • Determine the anion present from the name. • Since the compound is an acid the cation ( positive ion ) is H + • Write down the formulas of the two ions. Make the value of the charge on the negative ion the subscript on the hydrogen ion • Example: Sulfuric Acid • sulfuric ------> sulfate --------> SO42- • acid -------> hydrogen --------> H +1 • PUT TOGETHER and CRISS CROSS Formula ---> H2SO4