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Keys to 2401 Models

Keys to 2401 Models. Photographs and keys prepared by Jeff Beck Department of Math and Natural Science Collin County Community College. Nucleus Nuclear membrane Chromatin Nucleoli Rough endoplasmic reticulum Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Ribosomes Mitochondria Golgi apparatus

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Keys to 2401 Models

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  1. Keys to 2401 Models Photographs and keys prepared by Jeff Beck Department of Math and Natural Science Collin County Community College

  2. Nucleus • Nuclear membrane • Chromatin • Nucleoli • Rough endoplasmic reticulum • Smooth endoplasmic reticulum • Ribosomes • Mitochondria • Golgi apparatus • Centrioles • Cytosol • Plasma membrane

  3. Cell membrane • Pinocytotic vesicle • Cytosol • Endoplasmic reticulum • Golgi body (section) • Golgi body (surface) • Centrosome • Lysosome • Mitochondria • Vacuole • Nucleus • Nucleolus • Nuclear membrane

  4. Model 1 – ProphaseModel 5 - Anaphase K = Nucleus ZF = Achromatic fibers Z1 & Z2 = Daughter chromosomes Ch = Daughter chromosomes PS = Aster rays Z1 & Z2 = Spindle N = Nucleolus C = Cytoplasma Model 6 - Anaphase E = Plasma body Model 2 – Prophase ZS = Achromatic spindle Model 7 - Anaphase Model 3 – Prophase ChT = Daughter plates ZF = Achromatic fibers E = Plasma body Ch = Chromosomes Model 8 - Telophase Model 4 – Metaphase Ch = Chromosomes Ch = Chromosomes K = Nuclear membrane

  5. 13a. Early metaphase 14. Secondary spermatocyte 14a. Spermatocyte division 15. Spermatids 16. Spermatozoa 17. Primary Oocyte 17a. Metaphase 18. Secondary Oocyte 19. First polar body 20. Ootid 21. Polar bodies 22. Ovum 23. Diploid cell • Cell membrane • Cytosol • Nucleus • Nucleolus • Centrioles • Aster • Chromatin threads • Spindle • Spindle fibril • Chromosome • Chromatid • Centromere • Primary spermatocyte

  6. CELL STRUCTURE • Cell membrane • Cytosol • Nucleus • Nuclear membrane • Nucleolus • Centrioles • Aster • Chromatin • Spindle • Spindle fibril • Chromosome • Chromatid • Centromere • CELL DIVISION • Early Prophase • Middle Prophase • Late Prophase • Metaphase • Early Anaphase • Late Anaphase • Telophase • Interphase

  7. 38. Papillary nerve 39. Hair nerve 40. Fascia 41. Muscle 42. Adipose cell 43. Arrector muscle of hair 44. Meissner’s tactile corpuscle 45. Sweat pore 46. Melanocyte 47. Duct of apocrine sudoriferous gland 48. Merkel corpuscles 18. Lymph vessel 19. Arteriole 20. Nerve 21. Venula 22. Krause corpuscle 23. Golgi-Mazzoni corpuscle 24. Brushes of Ruffini 25. Pacinian corpuscle 26. Papillary artery 27. Papillary vein 28. Cortex of hair 29. Medulla of hair 30. Sweat gland 31. Outer epithelial sheath 32. Henle layer 33. Huxley layer 34. Hair cuticle 35. Root of hair 36. Sebaceous gland 37. Body of apocrine sudoriferous gland • Epidermis • Dermis • Subcutaneous layer • Horny layer of epidermis • Hair shaft • Stratum disjunctum • Stratum conjunctum • Clear layer of the epidermis • Granular layer of the epidermis • Spinous layer of the epidermis • Basal layer of the epidermis • Basement membrane • Subpapillary venous plexus • Papillary layer of the dermis • Subpapillary arterial network • Reticular layer of the dermis • Sudoriferous duct • Venous plexus of cornium • Arterial network of cornium • Root of hair • Arrector muscle of hair

  8. Section of the Scalp • Section of the sole of the foot • Epidermis • Dermis • Subcutaneous • Meissner’s tactile corpuscle • Horny layer of epidermis • Clear layer of epidermis • Granular layer of epidermis • Spinous layer of epidermis • Basale layer of epidermis • Stratum germinativum • Papillary layer of dermis • Sudoriferous duct • Reticular layer of dermis • Sweat gland • Pacinian corpuscle • Adipose cell • Outer root sheath • Inner root sheath • Hair cuticle • Hair bulb • Medulla of hair • Cortex of hair • Arrector muscle of hair 21. Root of hair 22. Sebaceous gland 23. Hair shaft 24. Sweat pore

  9. Stratum Corneum 19. Artery-blood supply to hair • Stratum Lucidum 20. Hair arrector muscle • Stratum Granulosum 21. sweat gland • Stratum Mucosum 22. Glomerulus of sweat gland • Stratum Germinativum 23. Longitudinal section of sweat gland • Corium layer 24. Longitudinal section of glomerulus of sweat gland • Fatty layer 25. Vascular papilla of corneum • Hair shaft 26. Vein-blood supply from corneum • Longitudinal section of hair root 27. Artery-blood supply from corneum • Sebaceous oil gland 28. Meissner’s Corpuscle • Longitudinal section of oil gland 29. Free nerve endings • Hair bulb 30. Tactile disks • Longitudinal section of hair root 31. Corpuscle of Ruffini • External root sheath 32. Bulb of Krause • Internal root sheath 33. Pacinian Corpuscle • Zone of growth and differentiation 34. Epidermis • Papilla of hair 35. Dermis • Vein-Blood supply from hair

  10. Skin of armpit Skin of sole of foot Skin of scalp • Epidermis 10. Hair shaft • Corium (Dermis) 11. Hair root • Subcutaneous layer 12. Hair papilla • Stratum corneum 13. Sebaceous glands • 1a. Stratum lucidum 14. Arrector pilorum muscles • Stratum germinativum 15. Sweat gland of the armpit • 2a. Stratum granulosum 15a. Smooth muscle cells • 2b. Stratum spinosum 15b. Hyaline top • 2c. Stratum basale 15c. Pushed out cell body • Papillae • Touch corpuscles • Adipose tissue • Lamellated corpuscles • Sweat glands • Hairs • 8a. Medullary substance • 8b. Cortical substance • 8c. Cuticle of hair • 8d. Inner root sheath • 8e. Outer root sheath • 8f. Hyaloid membrane • 8g. Fibrous layer • 9. Hair cross section

  11. Nucleus • Nucleolus • Cytoplasm • Lysosome • Vesicles of Golgi and ER • Golgi apparatus • Mitochondria • Endoplasmic reticulum • Nerve fibers • Axon hillock • Axon • Dendrite • Schwann cell cytoplasm • Node of Ranvier • Cytoplasm o0f axon (axoplasm) • Axolemma • Schwann cell nucleus • Schmidt-Lantermann cleft • Myelin sheath

  12. Perikaryon of the nerve cell with dendrites • Peripheral nerve with sheaths • Neurite cone • Nucleus of nerve cell with nucleolus • Endoplasmic reticulum • Neurofibrils • Synaptic terminals • Neuraxon • Schwann cells with nucleus • Schwann sheath • Linked Schwann cells at node of Ranvier • Mitochondria • Medullary (myelin) sheath • Perineural sheath of connective tissue • Mesaxon • Dendrites • Lysosomes • Neurotubules • Golgi apparatus

  13. Perikaryon of the nerve cell with dendrites 16. Neurotubules • Peripheral nerve with sheaths 17. Golgi apparatus • Axon hillock • Nucleus of nerve cell with nucleolus • Endoplasmic reticulum • Neurofibrils • Synaptic terminals • Neuraxon • Schwann cell with nucleus • Schwann sheath • Linked Schwann cells at node of Ranvier • Mitochondria • Medullary (myelin ) sheath • Endoneurium • Mesaxon • Dendrites • Lysosomes

  14. Presynapse • Presynaptic membrane • Neuroplasma • Endoplasmic reticulum • Mitochondrium • Neurotubule • Neurofilament • Presynaptic grid • Vesicle • Vesicle with neurotransmitter • Transmitter release • Transmitter gap products • Endocytic material absorption • Pores for endocytic material absorption • Synaptic gap • Postsynapse • Subsynaptic membrane 18. Postsynaptic membrane 19. Transmitter receptor molecule reaction

  15. Left cerebral hemisphere 22. Eyeball 43. Skin section • Right cerebral hemisphere 23. Tongue 44. sensory nerve endings • Cerebral cortex 24. Lingual nerve 45. Axon of sensory nerve • Cerebrum 25. First cervical nerve 46. Sensory nerve cell • Corpus callosum 26. second cervical nerve 47. Synapse • Fornix 27. Frontal lobe 48. Dendritic nerve endings • Third ventricle 28. Parietal lobe A. Olfactory nerve • Thalamus 29. Temporal lobe B. Optic nerve • Massa intermedia 30. Occipital lobe C. Oculomotor nerve • Pineal body 31. Sensory cortex D. Trochlear nerve • Sinus rectus 32. Motor cortex E. Trigeminal nerve • Pituitary gland 33. Auditory cortex E-1 Ophthalmic branch • Midbrain 34. Visual cortex E-2 Maxillary branch • Pons 35. Broca’s area E-3 Mandibular branch • Medulla oblongata 36. Cerebrum F. Abducens nerve • Fourth ventricle 37. Brachial pexus G. Facial nerve • Cerebellum 38. Peripheral nerves to arms H. Acoustic nerve • Olive 39. Nerves to thorax I. Glossopharyngeal nerve • Spinal cord 40. Sacral plexus J. Vagus nerve • Arachnoid sheath 41. Peripheral nerves to legs K. Spinal accessory nerve • Dura mater 42. Needle point stimulus L. Hypoglossal nerve

  16. FIFTH CERVICAL VERTEBRAE WITH SPINAL CORD AND ORIGIN OF NERVES • Body of vertebrae 19. Spinal ganglion 36. Anterior column • Transverse process 20. Anterior ramus of nerve 37. Lateral column • Vertebral arch 21. Posterior ramus of nerve 38. Posterior column • Spinous process 22. Sympathetic trunk • Yellow ligament 23. Ramus communicans between • Posterior longitudinal ligament sympathetic nerve and spinal cord • Vertebral artery 24. Pia mater • Vertebral vein 25. Anterior median fissure • Dura mater 26. Anterior lateral sulcus • Epidural cavity 27. Posterior lateral sulcus • Subdural cavity 28. Posterior median fissure • Arachnoid 29. Posterior glial septum • Subarachnoid cavity 30. Anterior funicle • Internal vertebral venous plexous 31. Lateral funicle • Denticulate ligament 32. Posterior funicle • Subarachnoid septum 33. White substance • Ventral root of cervical nerve 34. Gray substance • Dorsal root of cervical nerve 35. Central canal

  17. THE ORIGINS OF THE NERVES IN THE SPINAL CORD • Spinal cord section B. Spinal cord with nerves • Gray substance 12. Gray substance • Anterior column 13. Radicular filaments • Lateral column 14. Gray commissure • Gray commissure 15. Central canal • Anterior radicular filaments 16. White substance • Posterior radicular filaments 17. Anterior column • White substance 18. Lateral column • Anterior median fissure 19. Anterior median fissure • Posterior median fissure 20. Posterior median sulcus • 10a. Anterior lateral sulcus 21. Ganglion • 10b. Posterior lateral sulcus 22. Anterior funicle • 23. Lateral funicle

  18. Dorsal Column, White Matter 16. Anterior Spinal Artery • Lateral Column, White Matter 17. Sulcal Artery • Ventral Column, White Matter 18. Anterior Spinal vein • Anterior White Commissure 19. Dorsal Radicular Filaments • Dorsal Gray Horn, Gray Matter 20. Left Posterolateral Spinal Vein • Lateral Gray Horn, Gray Matter 21. Left Posterior Spinal Artery • Ventral gray Horn, Gray matter 22. Posterior Spinal Vein • Gray Commissure 23. Dorsal Root • Central Canal 24. Spinal Ganglion • Dorsal Median Sulcus 25. Ventral Root • Dorsal Intermediate Sulcus 26. Mixed Spinal Nerve • Dorsal Lateral Sulcus 27. Dorsal Ramus of Spinal Nerve • Ventral Lateral Sulcus 28. Ventral Ramus of Spinal Nerve • Ventral Median Fissure 29. Gray Ramus Communicantes • Ventral Radicular Filaments 30. White Ramus Communicantes

  19. Spinous process • Vertebral arch • Superior zygapophysis • Transverse process with carotid tubercule • Transverse foramen • Vertebral body • Dura mater • Arachnoid membrane with cavum leptomenigicum • Vertebral artery • Dorsal columns • Posterior horn • Anterior horn • Central canal of the spinal cord • Median fissure • Posterior root • Anterior root • Spinal ganglion • Spinal nerve • Posterior branch of the spinal nerve • Anterior branch of the spinal nerve • White ramus communicans

  20. CEREBRUM • Frontal lobe • Parietal lobe • Occipital lobe • 3a. Temporal lobe of telencephalon • 4. Cerebellum • 5. Bridge • 6. Spinal bulb • 7. Myel • SPINAL NERVES • 8. Cervical nerve • 9. Thoracic nerve • 10. Lumbar nerve • 11. Sacral nerve • 12. Terminal cone • 13. Cauda equina • 14. Urocyst • 15. Sympathetic trunk of neck • 16. Sympathetic trunk of thorax • 17. Sympathetic trunk pars lumbar • 18. Sympathetic trunk pars sacrum • NERVES OF THE PECTORAL LIMBS • 19. Cervicali nerves • 20. Axillary nerve • 21. Musculocutaneous nerve • 22. Radial nerve • 23. Median nerve • 24. Ulnar nerve • 25. Superior branch of radial nerve • 26. Branch of median nerve • 27. Branch of ulnar nerve • 28. Dorsal branch of ulnar nerve • 29. Cutaneous dorsal nerve of radius • 30. External nerves of finger • 31. Palm nerves of the hand • NERVES OF THE PELVIC LIMBS • 32. Ilioinguinal nerve • 33. Nerve cutaneus femoris lateralis • 34. Femoral nerve • 35. Sciatic nerve • 36. Obturator nerve • 37. Common peroneal nerve • 38. Tibial nerve • 39. Saphenous nerve • 40. Infrapatellar branch of saphenous nerve • 41. Nerve fibularis profunus • 42. Nerve fibularis superficialis • 43. Nerve cutaneous dorsal • 44. Dorsal nerve of toe • 45. Branch of muscle of sciatic nerve • 46. Tibial nerve • 47. Sural nerve • 48. Nerve cutaneous dorsal of forearm • 49. Nerve cutaneous lateral of forearm • 50. Nerve cutaneous medial of forearm

  21. BRAIN • End brain • Interbrain • Midbrain • Afterbrain • Marrowbrain • I, II, III Cerebrum • Superior longitudinal sinus • Tentorium cerebelli • Little brain • a. arbor vitae cerebelli • Trabs cerebri • a. rostrum corporis callosi • b. genu corporis callosi • Septum pellucidum • Fornix • Anterior commissure • Middle commissure • Posterior commissure • Thalamus • Foramen of Monro • Aqueduct of the cerebrum • Ventriculus quartus • Corpus pineale • Chiasma opticum • Hypophysis • Corpus mamillare • Quadrigeminal plate • Upper velum palati • Bridge • Lengthening of spinal marrow • Spinal marrow

  22. 39. Pyramid • 40. First cervical nerve • CRANIAL NERVE • Olfactory nerve • Optic nerve • Oculomotor nerve • Trochlear nerve • Trigeminal nerve • Abducens nerve • Facial nerve • Vestibulocochlear nerve • Glossopharyngeal nerve • Vagus nerve • Accessory nerve • Hypoglossal nerve • CEREBRUM • Frontal lobe • Parietal lobe • Occipital lobe • Temporal lobe • Central sulcus • Precentral gyrus • Postcentral gyrus • Olfactory bulb • Anterior commissure • Corpus callosum • Genu • Trunk • Splenium • Rostrum • 11. Septum pellucidum • 12. Fornix • 13. Posterior commissure • 14. Insula • 15. Internal capsule • 16. Lateral ventricle • e. Frontal (anterior) horn • f. Central part • 17. Choroid plexus • g. Posterior horn • h. Inferior horn • 18. Hippocampus • DIENCEPHALON • 19. Thalamus • 20. Hypothalamic sulcus • 21. Hypothalamus • 22. Interthalamic adhesion • 23. Pineal body • 24. Left mamillary body • 25. Pituiatry gland • 26. Choroid plexus of third • ventricle • 27. Caudate nucleus • 28. Pulvinar • 29. Medial geniculate body • 30. Lateral geniculate body • 31. Quadrigeminal lamina • 32. Tegmentum • 33. Cerebral peduncle • 34. Cerebral aquaduct • CEREBELLUM • 35. Cerebellum • Vermis • Tonsil • Flocculus • Arbor vitae • Fourth ventricle • 36. Pons • f. Superior cerebellar peduncle • g. Middle cerebellar peduncle • h. Inferior cerebellar peduncle • BRAIN STEM • 37. Medulla oblongata • 38. Olive

  23. The Human Brain • TELENCEPHALON • Frontal lobe 17. Choroid plexus 36. Pons • Parietal lobe 18. Hippocampus 37. Medulla oblongata • Occipital lobe Diencephalon 38. Olive • Temporal lobe 19. Thalamus 39. Pyramid • Central sulcus 20. Hypothalamic sulcus 40. first cervical nerve • Precentral gyrus 21. Hypothalamus Cervical Nerves • Postcentral gyrus 22. Interthalamic adhesion I. Olfactory • Olfactory bulb 23. Pineal body II. Optic • Anterior commissure 24. Left mamillary body III. Oculomotor • Corpus callosum 25. Pituitary gland IV. Trochlear • a. Genu 26. Choroid plexus V. Trigeminal • b. Trunk 27. Caudate nucleus VI. Abducens • c. Splenium 28. Pulvinar VII. Facial • d. Rostrum 29. Medial geniculate body VIII. Vestibulocochlear • 11. Septum pellucidum 30. Lateral geniculate body IX. Glossopharyngeal • 12. Fornix 31. Quadrigeminal lamina X. Vagus • 13. Posterior commissure 32. Tegmentum XI. Accessory • 14. Insula 33. Cerebral peduncle XII. Hypoglossal • 15. Internal capsule 34. Cerebral aquaduct Circle of Willis • 16. Lateral ventricle 35. Cerebellum

  24. 38. Thalamus 39. Optic chiasma 40. Crus cerebri 41. Optic tract 42. Pulvinar of thalamus 43. Oculomotor nerve 44. Mamillary body 45. Trigeminal nerve 46. Abducens nerve 47. Vestibulochoclear nerve Facial nerve 48. Glossopharyngeal nerve Vagus nerve 49. Olives 50. Pons 51. Pyramids 52. Hypoglossal nerve 53. Pineal gland 54. Quadrigeminal lamina 55. Trochlear nerve 56. Rhomboid fossa 57. Tubercule of nucleus gracilis 58. Tubercule of nucleus cuneatus 19. Gyrus parahippocampalis 20. Frontal gyrus 21. Olfactory bulb 22. Olfactory tract 23. Cerebellar hemisphere 24. Cerebellar peduncles 25. Flocculus 26. Cerebellar tonsil 27. Vermis of the cerebellum 28. Left island of Reil (insula) 29. Caudate nucleus 30. Putamen 31. Openings for projection tracts 32. Fibre bundle of internal capsule 33. Pallidum 34. Right island of Reil 35. Lentiform nucleus 36. Internal capsule 37. Striate body • Left cerebral hemisphere • Right cerebral hemisphere • Callous corpus • Medial and lateral longitudinal • stria of corpus callosum • 5. Lateral ventricle • 6a. Anterior horn of lateral ventricle • 6b. Inferior horn of lateral venricle • Posterior horn of lateral ventricle • Third ventricle • Cerebral aqueduct • Fourth ventricle • Bodu of the fornix • Choroid plexus • Temporal lobe • Occipital lobe • Pes hippocampi • Choroid plexus • Dentate gyrus • Fimbria of hippocampus

  25. Scalp • Cranium • Superior sagittal sinus • Pachymeninx • Falx cerebri • Frontal lobes of the cerebrum • Middle meningeal artery • Cortex, grey matter • Cerebral vessels • Temporal lobe • Occipital lobe • Leptomeninx • Superior sagittal sinus • Subarachnoid space • Occipital vessel and greater occipital nerve

  26. Scalp • Skull bone • Superior sagittal sinus • Pachymeninx • Falx cerebri • Frontal lobes of the cerebrum • Middle meningeal artery • Cortex, grey matter • Cerebral vessels • Temporal lobe • Occipital lobe • Leptomeninx • Superior sagittal sinus • Subarachnoid space • Occipital vessel and greater occipital nerve

  27. Cranium • Superior sagittal sinus • Falx cerebri • Pachymeninx • Frontal lobes of the cerebrum • Anterior cerebral artery • Corpus callosum, head of the caudate nucleus • Anterior horn of the lateral ventricle • Nucleus caudatus • Septum pellucidum • Lateral ventricle • Choroid plexus • Posterior horn of the lateral ventricle • Inferior sagittal sinus • Meningeal artery • Occipital lobe • Scalp

  28. Frontal sinus • Superior sagittal sinus • Falx cerebri • Pachymeninx • Frontal lobes of the sinus • Anterior cerebral artery • Corpus callosum • Anterior horn of the lateral ventricle • Nucleus caudatus • Septum pellucidum, Columns of fornix • Lateral ventricle • Anterior horn of the lateral ventricle • Inferior sagittal sinus • Meningeal artery • Occipital lobe • Internal capsule • Insula • Putamen • Extreme capsule • Globus pallidus • External capsule • Claustrum • Thalamus • Posterior crus of fornix • Choroid plexus

  29. Frontal sinus • Superior sagittal sinus • Falx cerebri • Pachymeninx • Frontal lobes of the cerebrum • Anterior cerebral artery • Head of nucleus caudatus • Insula • Anterior commissure • Claustrum • Putamen • Thalamus • Tail of nucleus caudatus • Posterior horn of the lateral ventricle • Optic radiation • Occipital lobe • Internal capsule • Globus pallidus • External capsule • Column of fornix • Third ventricle • Pineal body • Posterior crus of fornix • Choroid plexus • Corpus callosum • Straight sinus • Occipital bone

  30. Frontal sinus • Eyeball • Eye socket • Superior rectus • Zygomatic bone • Anterior cerebral artery • Middle cerebral artery • Optic chiasma • Pituitary gland • Amygdaloid nucleus complex • Red nucleus • Aquaduct of the midbrain • Tentorium cerebelli • Straight sinus • Branch of the middle meningeal artery • Superior sagittal sinus • Optic nerve • Mamillary body • Cerebral peduncle • Midbrain • Posterior horn of the lateral ventricle • Vermis of the cerebellum • Occipital lobe • Pachymeninx • Occipital bone

  31. Cornea • Lens • Eyeball, Sclera • Medial rectus muscle • Optic nerve • Lateral rectus muscle • Temporalis • Internal carotid artery • Pituitary gland • Sinus cavernosus • Basilar artery • Midbrain • Aqueduct of the midbrain • Straight sinus • Falx cerebri • Superior sagittal sinus • Nasal septum • Ethmoidal air cells • Sphenoid sinus • Temporal bone • Third cranial nerve • Outer ear • Cerebellar hemisphere • Vermis of the cerebellum • Occipital bone

  32. Cartilages of the nose • Nasal cavities • Base of the orbit • Nasal septum • Ethmoidal cells • Sphenoid • Temporal lobe • Cochlea • Auditory ossicles • Vestibulocochlear nerve • Facial nerve • Temporal bone • Posterior semicircular canal • Sigmoid sinus • Occipital sinus • Internal carotid artery • Maxillary nerve • Venous plexus • Basilar artery • Bridge • Middle ear • Mastoid cells • Fourth ventricle • Vermis of the cerebellum • Cerebellar hemisphere • Occipital bone

  33. Cartilages of the nose • Nasal cavity • Base of the orbit • Maxillary sinus • Masseter • Mandible • Medial pterygoid • Lateral pterygoid • Articular disk • Condyle of the mandible • Cochlea • Tympanic membrane • External auditory canal • Mastoid air cells • Sigmoid sinus • Cerebellar hemisphere • Occipital sinus • Sphenoid • Third trigeminal nerve • Middle meningeal artery • Internal carotid artery • Middle ear • Basilar artery • Medulla oblongata • Vermis of the cerebellum • Trapezius muscle

  34. Cartilaginous nasal septum • Nasal cavity • Maxillary sinus • Bony nasal septum • Medial pterygoid • Masseter • Mandible • Lateral pterygoid • Neck of the mandible • Internal carotid artery • Sigmoid sinus with crossing to inner • jugular vein • Mastoid air cells • Cerebellum • Zygomatic bone • Basal segment of the occipital bone • Upper bulbus of the jugular vein • Medulla oblongata • Pachymeninx • Squamous part of occipital bone

  35. EYELID • Superior muscle of eyelid • Superior tarsus palpebrarum • Inferior tarsus palpebrarum • Ligamentum palpebrale mediale • Ligamentum palpebrale laterale • Conjunctival fold • Palpebral conjunctiva • Tarsoconjunctival glands • LACRIMAL APPARATUS • 9. Lacrimal gland • Orbital process • Palpebral process • Ductules of the lacrimal gland • Lacrimal sac • Lacrimal lake • Superior lacrimal duct • Inferior lacrimal duct • Lacrimal caroncule • 12. Lacrimal tubercule, superior lacrimal point • EYE MUSCLES • Superior rectus • Inferior rectus • Medial rectus • Lateral rectus • Tendon of superior oblique • Inferior oblique • SCLEROCORNEA • Cornea • Sclera • UVEA • Iris with pupil • Ciliary muscle • Corona ciliaris • Choroid membrane • Ciliary nerves • Vorticosa vein • Ciliary arteries • TUNICA INTERNA BULBI • Retina • Pars ciliaris retinae 11. Retinal arterioles 12. Retinal venoles 13. Fovea centralis 14. Blind spot 15. Lens 16. Vitreous body

  36. EYE MUSCLES 13. Fovea centralis • Superior rectus 14. Optic nerve disc • II. Inferior rectus 15. Lens • Medial rectus 16. Vitreous body • Lateral rectus • Tendon of superior oblique • Inferior oblique • EYE, EXTERNAL LAYER • Cornea • Sclera • EYE, CHOROID VASCULAR COAT • 3. Iris • 4. Ciliary muscle • 5. Ciliary zone • 6. Choroid coat • 7. Ciliary nerve • 8. Vorticose veins • 8a. Ciliary artery • EYE, RETINAL LAYER • 9. Retina • 10. Ciliary part of retina • 11. Retinal arteries • 12. Retinal veins

  37. A. Ocular Fundus of the right eye 23. Iris 1. Optic disk with retinal vessels 24. Tarsus of the upper lid 2. Macula lutea , fovea centralis 25. Cornea B. Anatomy of the retina 26. Lens 3. Nerve fiber layer 27. Ora serrata, pars plana corporis ciliaris 4. Ganglionic layer of the optic nerve 28. Suspensory ligament 5. Internal reticular layer 29. Ciliary body 6. Internal nuclear layer 30. Inferior oblique 7. External reticular layer D. Layers of the eye 8. External nuclear layer 31. Choroid with vessels 9. Layer of rods and cones 32. Sclera, Limbus corneae 10. Pigmented layer of retina 33. Pigmented epithelium of the retina 11. Choroid 34. Cornea 12. Sclera 35. Retina C. Sagittal section of the eye 36. Sclera 13. Levator muscle 37. Inferior oblique 14. Superior rectus 38. Superior rectus 15. Optic nerve 39. Long posterior ciliary nerve 16. Choroid 40. Short posterior ciliary nerves 17. Retina with retinal vessels 41. Optic nerve 18. Sclera 42. Medila rectus 19. Inferior rectus 43. Inferior vorticose vein after perforation of the sclera 20. Orbicularis oculi 44. Inferior rectus muscle 21. Fornix conjunctivae 22. Conjunctiva palpebralis

  38. External Ear C. Inner Ear • Flad of the ear 12. Vestibule • Meatus acusticus externus 13. Oval window • Tympanic membrane 14. Fenestra cochlea • Annulus fibrocartilagineus 15. Lateral semicircular canal • membranae tympani a. Ampulla ossea lateralis • B. Middle Ear 16. Anterior semicircular canal • 5. Tympanic cavity b. Ampulla ossea anterior • 6. Musculus tensor tympani 17. Posterior semicircular canal • 7. Eustachian tube c. ampulla ossea posterior • 8. Hammer 18. Cochlea • Head of the malleus 19. Vestibulocochlear nerve • Manubrium mallei 20. Internal carotid artery • Anterior process of the malleus 21. Musculus tensor veli palatini • 9. Anvil • Short crus • Long crus • 10. Lentiform nodule • 11. Stirrup • Head of the stapes • Crus of the stapes • Base of the stapes

  39. Pinna (1) Basilar membrane (37) Auditory meatus (2) Organ of Corti (37) Eustachian tube (3) Scala tympani (38) Temporal bone (5) Middle Ear (12) Tympanum (13) Malleus (14) Incus (15) Stapes (16) Semicircular canals (17, 18, 19) Ampullae (20, 21, 22) Vestibule (23) Utricle (24) Saccule (25) Superior scarpa ganglion (28) Vestibular nerve (29) Cochlear nerve (30) Oval window (32) Round window (33) Cochlea (34) Scala vestibuli (36)

  40. Cochlea 26. Cochlear arteries • Scala vestibuli 27. Tympanic lip of • Scala tympani the limbus • Vestibular wall of the cochlear duct • Osseous spiral lamina • Secondary spiral lamina • Epithelium of the internal spiral sulcus • Internal hair cells • External hair cells • Internal pillar cells • External pillar cells • Tunnel of Corti • Deiters’ supporting cells • Cells of Hensen • Claudius’ cells • Nuel’s space • Vestibular lip of the limbus • Tectorial membrane • Cochlear duct • Spiral ligament of the cochlea • Prominent vessel • Modiolus • Laterla wall of the cochlea • Spiral ganglion • Cochlear nerve

  41. Capillaries • Capillaries • Lymphatic spaces • Nerve • Haversian lamellae • Interstitial or Interhaversian lamellae • Nucleus • Cell body • Canaliculi • Lacunae – some lacunae may contain osteocytes.

  42. 31. Zygomatico-frontal suture • 32. Zygomatico-maxillary suture • 33. Frontonasal suture • 33a. Internasal suture • 34. Frontomaxillary suture • 34a. Nasomaxillary suture • 34b. Lacrimomaxillary suture • Sphenosygomatic suture • Intermaxillary suture • Median palatine suture • Transverse palatine suture • Optical canal • Lacrimal fossa • Infraorbital foramen • Acoustic meatus • Mastoid foramen • Foramen ovale • Foramen spinosum • Foramen lacerum • Carotid canal • Jugular foramen • Stylomastoid foramen • Incisive foramen • Greater palatine foramen • Mental foramen • 54. Anterior cranial fossa • 55. Medial cranial fossa • 56. Posterior cranial fossa • 57. Crista frontalis • 58. Crista galli • 59. Cribriform plate 60. Jugum sphenoidale 61. Anterior clinoid process 62. Greater wing of sphenoid bone 63. Sella turcica 65. Internal occipital protuberance 66. Foramen rotundum 67. Internal acoustic opening 68. Hypoglossal canal • Frontal bone • Parietal bone • 2a. Interparietal bone • Occipital bone • Temporal bone • Mastoid process • Zygomatic process • Articular tubercle • Mandibular fossa • Styloid process • Greater wing of Sphenoid bone • Zygomatic bone • Nasale bone • Maxillary body • Lacrimal bone • Ethmoid bone • Vomer • Palatine bone • Sphenoid bone • Occipital condyle • Mandible • Coronoid process • Condylar process • Coronal suture • Sagittal suture • Lambdoid suture • 25a. Transverse occipital suture • Occipitomastoid suture • Parietomastoid suture • Squamosal suture • Sphenosquamosal suture • Zygomatico-temporal suture

  43. 1. Frontal bone (Os frontale) 2. Temporal bone ( Os temporale) 3. Sphenoid bone (Os sphenoidale) 4. Occipital bone (Os occipitale) 5. Parietal bone (Os parietale) 6. Ethmoid bone (Os ethmoidale) 7. Maxilla (upper jaw) 8. Zygomatic bone (Os zygomaticum) 9. Palatine bone (Os palatinum) 10. Lacrimal bone (Os lacrimale) 11. Inferior nasal concha (Concha nasalis inferior) 12. Nasal bone (Os nasale) 13. Vomer 14. Mandible (lower jaw) 15. – 21. Cervical vertebrae

  44. Frontal bone • Parietal bone • Temporal bone • Zygomatic bone • Nasal bone • Occipital bone • Maxilla • Vomer • Ethmoidal bone • Sphenoid bone • Mandible

  45. Nasal bone 24. Posterior superior dental artery • Superior maxilla 25. Infraorbital vein • Infraorbital foramen 26. Superior dental vein • Nasal septum 27. Inferior dental nerve • Facies of the eye 28. Inferior dental artery • Zygomatico – maxillary suture 29. Inferior dental vein • Palatine process 30. Incisive foramen, foramen of Stenson • Alveolar process 31. Greater palatine foramen • Palatine bone • Mandible • Coronoid process of mandible • Condyloid process • Mandibular angle • Mental foramen • Mental tubercle • Mandibular foramen • Incisor teeth • Eye teeth • Premolar teeth • Molar teeth • Infraorbital nerve • Posterior superior dental branches of the maxillary nerve • Infraorbital artery

  46. ELBOW JOINT • Radial collateral ligament • Radial annular ligament • Ulnar collateral ligament • Bicep muscle tendon of insertion • Fibrous capsule of the articular capsule

  47. HIP JOINT • Iliofemoral ligament • Ischiofemoral ligament • Pubofemoral ligament • Orbicular zone • Transverse acetabulum ligament

  48. KNEE JOINT • Anterior cruciate • Posterior cruciate • Medial meniscus • Lateral meniscus • Transverse ligament • Tibial collateral • Fibular collateral • Patellar ligament

  49. SHOULDER JOINT • Supraspinatus • Infraspinous fossa • Teres minor • Subscapularis • Long head biceps • Coracoacromial ligament • Trapezoid ligament • Conoid ligament • Coracohumeral ligament • Glenoid labrum

  50. HUMAN SKELETAL MUSCLE • Muscle fiber • Nucleus • Perimysium • Epimysium • Small arteriole • Capillary • Nerve fiber • Motor end plate • Myofibril • Z band • I band • A band • H zone • M line

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