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Understanding Protein Synthesis: The Role of mRNA, tRNA, and Ribosomes

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kelli
10 diapositives · 306 Views · Aug 06, 2014

This summary explores the fundamental processes of protein synthesis, including transcription and translation. The process begins when mRNA, synthesized during transcription, binds to a ribosome located in the cell. Ribosomes, composed of proteins and ribosomal RNA (rRNA), decode the genetic message carried by mRNA to assemble proteins. Each codon, a three-base sequence on the mRNA, corresponds to a specific amino acid. Transfer RNA (tRNA) brings amino acids to the ribosome, aligning them according to the mRNA sequence to form a polypeptide chain until a stop codon signals the end of synthesis.

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Understanding Protein Synthesis: The Role of mRNA, tRNA, and Ribosomes
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  1. Translation (mRNA  Proteins) B-4.4: Summarize the basic processes involved in protein synthesis (including transcription and translation).

  2. process of interpreting the genetic message and building the proteins • Begins when mRNA (made during transcription) attaches to a ribosome • The ribosome contains proteins and ribosomal RNA (rRNA) • Where are ribosomes located? ________________ Translation

  3. Function of ribosome: assembles proteins according to the code that mRNA brought • where did the mRNA get its code? ____________ • Codon: 3-base nucleotide sequence on the mRNA • Each codon codes for a specific amino acid that will be placed in the chain to build the proteins • Monomers of a protein? _________ Translation

  4. If the DNA sequence was GAC, then the RNA sequence is __________. • ___________ codes for a certain amino acid and the name of that particular amino acid is ____________ • The sequence of mRNA nucleotides determines the order of the amino acids in the protein chain, which is what distinguishes one protein from another in structure and function CUG CUG Leucine Example of DNA to Protein

  5. Transfer RNA (tRNA) is important in assembling amino acids into the correct sequence for the required protein by transferring amino acids to the ribosomes when needed • There are 20 different types of tRNA molecules, one for each amino acid • How many amino acids are there? _____________ What is tRNA?

  6. At one end of each tRNA is an anticodon site, which has the 3 nucleotide bases complementary to the codon of mRNA • The other end of the tRNA molecule has a specific amino acid attached which was determined by the anticodon tRNA

  7. tRNA (with its attached amino acid) pairs to the codon of the mRNA (which is attached to the ribosome) • A 2ndtRNA comes (with its own amino acid) pairs to the next codon in the sequence; the attached amino acid from the 1sttRNA breaks and attaches to the amino acid of the 2ndtRNA • Ribosome forms a peptide bond between the two amino acids and an amino acid chain begins to form • The empty tRNA moves off and picks up another matching amino acid from the cytoplasm • These steps are repeated until the ribosomes reaches a stop codon on the mRNA sequence • Stop codons signal the end of protein synthesis Process of Translation

  8. Process of Translation

  9. Process of Translation

  10. Process of Translation