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Bosnian Conflict

Bosnian Conflict. 1991-1995. Events leading up to the Conflict. Long-term Yugoslavia was formed after WWI Brought together the Croats, Serbs, and Muslims Led by Slobodan Milosevic During WWII, Croats joined the Nazis in exterminating Serbs

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Bosnian Conflict

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  1. Bosnian Conflict 1991-1995

  2. Events leading up to the Conflict • Long-term • Yugoslavia was formed after WWI • Brought together the Croats, Serbs, and Muslims • Led by Slobodan Milosevic • During WWII, Croats joined the Nazis in exterminating Serbs • Josip Broz Tito was elected to lead the Yugoslav Federation after WWII and was able to keep peace until his death in 1980

  3. Events leading up the Conflict • Short-term • Election of non-communist government officials into office • Yugoslavia began to crumble • Ethnic divisions resurfaced Cftech.com

  4. The Key Players • The Serbs • Orthodox Christians • Long connections with eastern Europe • Want to create a “greater Serbia” by establishing terriotorial claims with Serbian and Croation areas

  5. The Key Players • The Muslims • Serb descendents who converted to Islam under Ottoman rule • Want an ethnically mixed state for Bosnia • The Croats • Roman Catholic faith • Historical links to western Europe • Hope to stake out own areas of Bosnia

  6. The Conflict • The breaking of Yugoslavia • Croats demand a loose confederation or to dissolve Yugoslavia completely • Serbia opposes because the want Yugoslavic unity • Slovenia and Croatia declare independence in June 1991 • The Yugoslav army, consisting mainly of Serbs, declare war on Slovenia and Croatia • Start of Bosnian-Serbian-Croatian war

  7. Sides are Drawn • Montenegro sides with Serbia, trying to keep the country together • All other republics side with Slovenia and Croatia • Want independence Josip Broz Tito Conservapedia.com

  8. The Genocide • Both sides used genocide as a weapon against their enemies • Most genocide followed the same routine • Concentration- surround the area to be ethnically cleansed, try to get everyone into the streets • Decapitation- execute political leaders and the people that could take their places

  9. The Genocide • Separation- divide women, children, and old men from men within the “fighting age”, 16-60 years old • Evacuation- Transport the old, young, and women out of the area • Liquidation- Execute men of the “fighting age” and dispose of the bodies

  10. The Genocide • The most famous case of genocide in the war was in Srebrenica • Srebrenica is located in the Republika Srpska • Declared a UN safe zone in 1992 • In July 1995, Serb troops led by Ratko Mladic surrounded Srebrenica and began bombarding it • CONCENTRATION Ratko Mladic advocacynet.org

  11. Srebrenica • The UN detachment in the town could do little to help • They were poorly equipped and had no back-up • More than 25 peacekeepers had been taken captive by the Serbs and nobody wanted to do anything that might risk their safety, though they were killed • DECAPITATION

  12. Srebrenica • July 11: The Serbs’ bombing intensified • Thousands of Muslims ran to the UN compound in the city • By nightfall, 6,000 were inside of the compound and 20,000 more were left outside • July 12: Mladic began separating men from women and children • SEPARATION

  13. Srebrenica • July 12: Women and children were forced onto trucks and buses • EVACUATION • The deportation of Srebrenica took 4 days Yahoonews.com

  14. Srebrenica deaths • Up to 7,500 men and boys over 13 years old, were killed • 3,000, many in the act of escaping were shot or decapitated in the fields • 1,500 were locked in a warehouse and sprayed with machine gun fire and grenades • Others died by the thousands on farms, football fields, and school playgrounds

  15. Srebrenica deaths • Thousands of bodies were buried in mass graves • US reconnaissance planes filmed the Serbs covering up the graves using massive earth-moving equipment globalsecurity.org

  16. polishforums.com Wikipedia.org

  17. Burial of 465 bosnians in 2007 Wikipedia.org Wikipedia.org

  18. The end of the War • The leaders met in November 1995 in Dayton, OH • Bosnia-Herzegovina formally preserved as an independent country Standing from left: Felipe Gonzalez, Bill Clinton, Jacques Chirac, Helmut Kohl, John Major, Viktor Chernomyrdin. Sitting from left: Slobodan Milošević, Franjo Tuđman, Alija Izetbegovic wikipedia.org

  19. The end of the War • Areas were set aside for Serbs, Muslims, and Croats • This treaty was enforced by 60,000 NATO peacekeepers Wikipedia.org

  20. Kosovo • A problem in Kosovo went largely unnoticed during the signing of the treaty • Serbian and Yugoslavic soldiers remained in Kosovo • Albanian guerillas sided with the Kosovo Liberation Army and provided armed resistance against soldiers in the country

  21. Kosovo • The Racak massacre in January 1999 brought international attention to the area • NATO became involved and was able to set up a stable but uneasy peace • On February 17, 2008 passed a declaration of independence and officially became and independent nation

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