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Ancient Greece

Ancient Greece. Geography. Part of Balkan peninsula, extends into Mediterranean Sea. Mountains and Valleys. Valleys and islands were settled and farmed Created isolated city-states Very independent- many wars. The Seas. Sea was a vital link to outside world Many safe harbors

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Ancient Greece

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  1. Ancient Greece

  2. Geography Part of Balkan peninsula, extends into Mediterranean Sea

  3. Mountains and Valleys Valleys and islands were settled and farmed Created isolated city-states Very independent- many wars

  4. The Seas Sea was a vital link to outside world Many safe harbors Greeks were skilled sailors

  5. Cultural Diffusion Greek ships carried: olive oil, wine, marble Returned with: grains, metal, ideas Many colonies around Mediterranean

  6. Greek City-Statespolis • 2 levels • High city (on hilltop) acropolis • Below, walled main city

  7. Government Monarchy- ruled by king/ queen Aristocracy- rules by landholding nobles Oligarchy- small elite group usually business class

  8. Sparta Military virtue and strong discipline

  9. Sparta- • Government- brutal system of strict control • 2 kings, council of elders, assembly of citizens • 5 ephors- ran day-to-day affairs, real power

  10. Spartan men Healthy soldiers Age 7- begin harsh training Age 20- can marry, still live in barracks Age 30- citizen, part of assembly

  11. Spartan women Produce healthy sons for army Had to exercise and strength train Could run family estate, inherit property

  12. Sparta and its neighbors • Looked down on • other Greeks, trade, wealth, art, travel

  13. Athens Democracy- government by the people

  14. Athens government • Solon • Wise and trusted leader • more power to citizens, economic reforms • Cleisthenes • Increase role of citizen • council of 500, legislature (law making body) • All male citizens over 30 could participate

  15. Athenian women No part of public life Managed household, spun cloth, cared for children, prepared food Poor women worked outside the home

  16. Athenian education • Boys went to school, if they could afford it • Read, write, music, poetry, public speaking, military training

  17. Persian Wars Ionian city-states self governing under Persian empire Athens help Ionia rebel against Persia Persian emperor Darius I - punish Athens for helping Ionia Athens victory

  18. Persian war continued 480 B.C. Xerxes (son of Darius) sent larger force to Greece Greece united- Athens, Sparta, and other city-states Themistocles- built lots of ships Greece beat Persians on sea and then land

  19. Delian League Alliance of Greek city-states Athens most powerful Athens used money from league to rebuild their city

  20. Age of Pericles • Golden age for Athens • Ruler Pericles • Good economy, more democratic government • Direct democracy- citizens take part in affairs

  21. Age of Pericles economy Hired best architects and sculptors to rebuild Athens

  22. Peloponnesian War Peloponnesian League set up to counter Delian League Sparta (oligarchy)vs Athens (democracy) Fight for 27 years Athens overcrowded –plague kills 1/3 of population Sparta and Persia capture Athens Athens power fades, but remains cultural capital

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