Infancy & Childhood

1. Infancy & Childhood Unit 4 Lesson 2

2. Objectives • Review early development • Identify stages of infant motor & language dvpt. • Examine relationship between attachment and development • Analyze critical periods by looking at a case study

3. Warm Up • Identify one thing you learned about prenatal/neonatal… • Physical dvpt • Sensory dvpt • Social dvpt

4. Homework Review • Which decade was the easiest? • Which decade was the most difficult? • What words are most commonly associated with particular decades? Why?

5. Infancy • Motor Development • Increasing coordination of muscles for physical mvmt • Maturation: • Genetically programmed growth & dvpt

6. Activity: Place abilities in order from 1-8 • Walks alone; says several words • Turns head to follow moving object • Climbs stairs; says many words • Laces shoes • Sits alone for 1 min; says “da-da” • Puts on shoes • Runs; uses simple word combinations • Walks while holding onto something

7. Activity Answers • Turns head to follow moving object (2m) • Sits alone for 1 min; says “da-da” (9m) • Walks while holding onto something (1y) • Walks alone; says several words (1y 3m) • Climbs stairs; says many words (1y 6m) • Runs; uses simple word combinations (2y) • Puts on shoes (3y) • Laces shoes (4y)

8. Motor Milestones • Dvpt Norms (median age)… • Lift head: 2 m • Roll over: 3 m • Prop Up: 4 m • Sit Alone: 5.5 m • Stand w/Help: 7 m • Crawl/Creep: 7-12 m • Stand Alone: 12 m • Walk: 12-15 m • Walk backward: 14 m • Steps: 17 m Avery’s Motor Milestones P.Pt

9. Language • Learned, systematic code that enables us to communicate meaningful ideas. • 5 Forms: Reading, Writing, Gesturing, Signing, Speaking

10. Receptive Language: Learning to listen and understand language Expressive Language: Learning to speak and use language Language

11. NativistTheory Language Acquisition Device: Noam Chomsky said we are predisposed to acquire language Learning Theory B.F. Skinner: Kids learn language through observation and imitation of parents Language Theories Mix: Eric Lenneberg said language is inborn, but must be learned during critical period (18m– Puberty) and is influenced by environment.

12. Language Milestones • 0-1 m CRY • 2 m COO • 5-7 m BABBLE • 12 m WORD • 18 m OVEREXTENSION • 2 y TELEGRAPHIC • 3 y TENSE • 4-6 y SENTENCES, QUESTIONING • 7-9 y MULTIPLE MEANING • Continues to expand thru life

13. Critical Periods • Period during which certain skills or behaviors must be acquired. If not, learned with great difficulty or not learned at all. • Konrad Lorenz • Baby Geese & Imprinting http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2UIU9XH-mUI&p=28B409BFB6FF150C&index=17&feature=BF

14. Social Dvpt • Attachment • Close bond b/t infants & caregivers • Harry Harlow • Monkey’s & Surrogate Moms • Contact comfort – physical closeness w/caregiver • Preferred security to food • Abnormal behaviors if raised in isolation http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tlJS8LeLWjs&feature=related

15. Social Dvpt • Attachment Styles • Mary Ainsworth’s Strange Situation • Secure – infant seeks proximity, contact, & interaction w/caregiver • Insecure – infant cannot be calmed or ignores the caregiver after the separation • Anxious-Ambivalent • Avoidant • Separation Anxiety – (6/8m – 14/18m) • Emotional distress when separated from people they’re attached to http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SHP_NikTkao

16. Isolation in Humans • Feral Children • Raised in wild • Victor • Institutionalized Children • Foster vsInstitutions • Cases of Abuse • Raised in near total isolation • Genie

17. Genie- Wild Child Reading • 1970 LA social workers found neglected and abused 13 yr old suffering from physical, cognitive, social impairments. Having missed critical periods, could she learn to walk, talk?

18. Closure • Explain attachment and identify one psychologist & their contribution to this area of study.