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CHAPTER 10 – THE MUSLIM WORLD

CHAPTER 10 – THE MUSLIM WORLD. ISLAM BASICS. A MONOTHEISTIC RELIGION BEGUN BY MUHAMMAD DEVELOPED IN THE 600’S FOLLOWERS ARE CALLED MUSLIMS MUSLIMS ARE IN ALL PARTS OF THE WORLD

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CHAPTER 10 – THE MUSLIM WORLD

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  1. CHAPTER 10 – THE MUSLIM WORLD

  2. ISLAM BASICS • A MONOTHEISTIC RELIGION BEGUN BY MUHAMMAD • DEVELOPED IN THE 600’S • FOLLOWERS ARE CALLED MUSLIMS • MUSLIMS ARE IN ALL PARTS OF THE WORLD • BY A.D. 750, LEADERS FOLLOWING MUHAMMAD BUILT A HUGE EMPIRE THAT INCLUDED MILLIONS OF PEOPLE FROM DIVERSE ETHNIC, LANGUAGE, AND RELIGIOUS GROUPS

  3. THE RISE OF ISLAM • CULTURES OF THE ARABIAN PENINSULA WERE IN CONTACT W/ ONE ANOTHER FOR CENTURIES • SW ASIA IS AKA THE MIDDLE EAST- SERVES AS A BRIDGE BETWEEN AFRICA, ASIA, & EUROPE • GOODS WERE TRADED AND THE RELIGION OF ISLAM WAS ONE OF THE SHARED IDEAS THAT BECAME A POWERFUL WORLD FORCE FOR CHANGE IN THE WORLD

  4. ARABIAN PENINSULA AS A CROSSROADS • 3 CONTINENTS – AFRICA, EUROPE, AND ASIA • 1200-1300 MILES AT ITS LONGEST & WIDEST POINTS • MOST OF ARABIA IS DESERT W/ THE EXCEPTION OF A SMALL STRIP OF LAND IN S. ARABIA & OMAN; AND A FEW OASES ALONG THE WAY

  5. DESERT & TOWN LIFE • BEDOUINS- ARAB NOMADS, DWELL IN THE DESERT; ORGANIZED INTO GROUPS CALLED CLANS. PROVIDED SECURITY & SUPPORT FOR THE CHALLENGES OF DESERT LIFE • BEDOUINS WERE DEDICATED TO FAMILY LIFE, HAD STRONG WARRIOR SKILLS • BY EARLY 600’S, MANY HAD SETTLED IN AN OASIS OR MARKET TOWN. MORE OPPORTUNITY FOR JOBS, FARMING

  6. CROSSROADS OF TRADE AND IDEAS • TRADE ROUTES CONNECTED ARABIA TO MAJOR OCEAN & LAND TRADE ROUTES • MERCHANTS TRADED FROM THE BYZANTINE & PERSIAN EMPIRES IN THE NORTH TO THE EXTREME SOUTHERN PARTS OF THE PENINSULA. CARAVANS W/ GOODS TRAVELED CARRYING SPICES AND INCENSE. IDEAS & CUSTOMS WERE ALSO SHARED

  7. RELIGIOUS PRACTICES • MECCA – A CITY IN WESTERN ARABIA. A PLACE OF WORSHIP; WILL LATER BE AN ANNUAL PILGRAMAGE SITE FOR MUSLIMS • HOUSE OF ABRAHAM (SHRINE CALLED THE KA’ABA)- CONTAINED OVER 360 IDOLS BROUGHT BY MANY TRIBES • BELIEF IN ONE GOD CALLED ALLAH

  8. MUHAMMAD • MUHAMMAD WAS BORN AROUND A.D.570 TO A POWERFUL MECCAN FAMILY • ORPHANED @ 6, RAISED BY GRANDFATHER AND UNCLE. • AGE 25, BECAME A TRADER AND BUSINESS MANAGER TO A WEALTHY OLDER WOMAN. THEY MARRIED • HE WAS VERY INTERESTED IN RELIGION; SPENT TIME IN PRAYER & MEDITATION

  9. MUHAMMAD CONT. • HE CLAIMED TO HAVE HEARD THE VOICE OF GABRIEL (AN ANGEL) WHILE MEDITATING IN A CAVE. THE VOICE TOLD HIM THAT HE WAS THE MESSENGER OF ALLAH. • MUH. BECAME CONVINCED THAT HE WAS THE LAST OF THE PROPHETS, HE TAUGHT THAT ALLAH WAS THE ONE AND ONLY GOD, AND ALL OTHER GODS MUST BE ABANDONED. • THE RELGION WAS GATHERING FOLLOWERS. ISLAM MEANS “SUBMISSION TO THE WILL OF ALLAH” – A MUSLIM THEN IS “ONE WHO HAS SUBMITTED” • HE BEGAN TO PREACH REGULARY, BUT MET UP WITH SOME OPPOSITION. MANY MECCAN CITIZENS THOUGHT THAT HE MAY CONVINCE PEOPLE TO NEGLECT THE ARAB GODS. SOME OF HIS FOLLOWERS WERE ATTACKED.

  10. MUHAMMAD CONT. • AFTER THE ATTACH, HE MIGRATED NORTH. THIS MIGRATION WAS CALLED THE HIJRAH. MANY WOULD FOLLOW HIS LEAD. THE CITY OF YATHRIB WAS WHERE HE SETTLED AND WOULD BE LATER RENAMED MEDINA. • HE DISPLAYED LEADERSHIP SKILLS; TRIED TO JOIN TOGETHER THE ARABS & JEWS. THEY BOTH ACCEPTED HIM AS A POLITICAL LEADER. HE DREW MANY CONVERTS. PEOPLE LIKED HIS MESSAGE. HE EVENTUALLY BECAME A MILITARY LEADER.

  11. MUHAMMAD CONT. • MUHAMMAD & 1000’S OF HIS FOLLOWERS MARCHED INTO THE SURROUNDING MECCA AREAS. THE LEADERS SURRENDERED & MUH. DESTROYED ALL IDOLS. • MOST MECCANS PLEDGED THEIR LOYALTY TO HIM AND CONVERTED. THEY JOINED THE MUSLIM COMMUNITY WHICH WAS CALLED UMMA. • MUH. DIED AT 62 OR 63 SOON AFTER MAKING HIS FAREWELL PILGRAMAGE SPEECH. HE WAS A VERY MODEST, HUMBLE MAN- ALL OF HIS CHILDREN EXCEPT 1 PRECEDED HIM IN DEATH

  12. BELIEFS & PRACTICES OF ISLAM • THE 5 PILLARS – FAITH, PRAYER, ALMS, FASTING, & PILGRIMAGE • THERE IS ONLY ONE GOD – ALLAH • 5X/DAY THEY PRAY EITHER AT A MOSQUE OR WHEREVER THEY ARE AT THE TIME OF THEIR PRAYER • ALMS- MUSLIMS MUST GIVE TO LESS FORTUNATE- LIKE AN OFFERING • FASTING- DURING RAMADAN(ISLAMIC HOLY MONTH), MUSLIMS CANNOT EAT BETWEEN DAWN & DUSK. ONLY A SIMPLE MEAL AT THE END OF THE DAY • PILGRIMAGE- AN HAJJ IS MADE TO MECCA AT LEAST ONCE IN A LIFETIME. ALL MUSLIMS WEAR IDENTICAL GARMENTS SO THAT THEY STAND = TO ALLAH

  13. OTHER BELIEFS • NO PORK OR ALCOHOL; PRE-MARITAL RELATIONS • FRIDAY AFTERNOONS ARE SET ASIDE FOR COMMUNAL WORSHIP • WORSHIP ALLAH DIRECTLY • THE QUR’AN IS THE HOLY BOOK OF THE MUSLIMS – CONTAINS MUHAMMAD’S REVELATIONS FROM GABRIEL. IT IS WRITTEN IN ARABIC. MUSLIMS ONLY CONSIDER THE ARABIC VERSION THE TRUE VERSION. • MUHAMMAD’S EXAMPLE OF HOW TO LIVE IS CALLED “SUNNA” – IT IS CONSIDERED THE WAY MUSLIMS ARE SUPPOSED TO LIVE, LIKE A HANDBOOK

  14. LINKS TO JUDAISM & CHRISTIANITY • ALLAH IS THE SAME GOD AS WORSHIPPED BY JEWS & CHRISTIANS • MUSLIMS VIEW JESUS AS A PROPHET, NOT THE SON OF GOD AS CHRISTIANS DO. • ALL 3 BELIEVE IN HEAVEN AND HELL, AND A JUDGEMENT DAY. MUSLIMS TRACE THEIR ANCESTRY TO ABRAHAM, AS DO THE JEWS & CHRISTIANS • THE QUR’AN TELLS MUSLIMS TO EXTEND RELIGIOUS TOLERANCE TO JEWS AND CHRISTIANS

  15. A FEW MORE THINGS… • MANY OF THE STEREOTYPES OF THIS RELIGION ARE NOT TRUE. SUGGESSTED READINGS: • http://www.islamfortoday.com/beliefs.htm • http://www.religionfacts.com/islam/fastfacts.htm

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