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GANGA ACTION PLAN

GANGA ACTION PLAN. Union Government Scientific Departments 5A of 2000. Ganga Action Plan. The major river, Ganga course 2500 kms. Passes through 4 states (+3), 29 major cities, 23 minor cities and 48 towns; Spiritual and emotional attachment of people;

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GANGA ACTION PLAN

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  1. GANGA ACTION PLAN Union Government Scientific Departments 5A of 2000

  2. Ganga Action Plan • The major river, Ganga course 2500 kms. • Passes through 4 states (+3), 29 major cities, 23 minor cities and 48 towns; • Spiritual and emotional attachment of people; • Urban pollution load on the river a major cause of concern

  3. Ganga Action Plan • An action plan for reduction of pollution load on the river prepared in 1984; • Cabinet approves the plan in 1985 as 100% CSS; • Central Ganga Authority constituted in 2/1985 to oversee implementation; • Renamed as National River Conservation Authority in September 1985

  4. Ganga Action Plan • Ganga Project Directorate formed in June 1985 to coordinate implementation; • GAPII launched in 2/1991

  5. Ganga Action Plan • Towns along Ganga and its tributaries generate 5044 mld of sewage. • GAP aimed to tackle 2794 mld of sewage in GAPI (882 mld) and in GAP II (1912 mld) • The schemes under GAP were classified into core schemes (interception and diversions schemes and STPs) and

  6. Ganga Action Plan • Non-core schemes (low cost sanitation schemes, river front development, electric and improved wood fired crematoria, tackle non-point and non-measurable pollution such as dumping of solid waste, open defecation, etc.)

  7. Ganga Action Plan • Targets and achievements were: • Schemes:

  8. Ganga Action Plan • Targets and achievements were: • Sewer lines:

  9. Ganga Action Plan • Targets and achievements were: • Sewerage treatment plants:

  10. Non-core schemes • Low cost sanitation:

  11. Financial targets • Rs 987.88 crore were released for the Ganga Action Plan out of which expenditure amounted to Rs. 901.71 crore

  12. Quality of performance • The GAP envisaged treatment of 2794 mld of sewage against which reported achievement was 1096 mld or 39% of target.

  13. Quality of performance • Total 110 towns were selected for sewerage treatment, criteria being that only those towns were ‘Biological Oxygen Demand’ downstream was more than 3mg/l. • 23 towns included had BOD of less than 3 mg/l. For 5 included towns BOD information was not ascertained nor was available.

  14. Quality of performance • 8 towns ,which had BOD levels in excess of 3 mg/l were, however, not included in the plan.

  15. Quality of performance • Estimates of sewage generation in cities for inclusion in GAP was also found to be faulty. Vast quantities of sewage generated in the towns (like NOIDA and Varanasi) were not included while working out the project reports.

  16. Delay in project finalization • There was delay in submission and finalization of DPRs. No time frame was prescribed for submission or processing of DPRs:

  17. Delay in project finalization • On the intervention of the Supreme court of India, the National River Conservation Authority prescribed in January 1996 that the States should submit their DPRs within 3 months of the approval of Preliminary Feasibility Reports and NRCA was to approve the DPRs within one month. Only 73% of DPRs reached the NRCA within time and they approved only 58% reports within the prescribed time. Delay in 12 cases ranged from 2 to 33 months in submission of DPRs and in NRCA delayed processing from 2 to 10 months.

  18. Execution of schemes • The schemes were to be completed in a time bound manner. Only 13.7 % of the targeted capacity was created so far (December 2001).

  19. Execution of schemes • In Bihar 17 interception and diversion schemes were to be taken up and completed by March 2000. It was seen that DPRs as per guidelines were not submitted consequently no scheme was sanctioned by NRCA.

  20. Execution of schemes • For exhibition road pumping station Patna, incoming sewage was received through 4 sewer lines, one of 9” dia, 2 of 15” dia and 1 of 18’ dia. The outgoing sewage line was only one of 18” dia. Defective designing resulted in overflow of sewage.

  21. Execution of schemes • Again in Bihar, diversion scheme Krishnaghat was completed in December 1988. However, PMC unauthorizedly connected drains to the sewer, resulting in overflow and direct discharge of sewage into river.

  22. Execution of schemes • 4 schemes were sanctioned for West Bengal for completion by March 2000, out of which 3 were yet to be completed by December 2000 and in respect of fourth the CMDA could not furnish details of work executed upto December 2000.

  23. Execution of schemes • In west Bengal it was also observed that work for construction of 3 pumping stations was awarded without first making available the land. Work was abandoned by the contractor. The work was re-tendered 3 times and finally executed at an extra cost of Rs 41.85 lakh. Equipment worth Rs. 13 lakh was also lost in the process.

  24. Execution of schemes • In west Bengal it was also observed that work for construction of 3 pumping stations was awarded without first making available the land. Work was abandoned by the contractor. The work was re-tendered 3 times and finally executed at an extra cost of Rs 41.85 lakh. Equipment worth Rs. 13 lakh was also lost in the process.

  25. Execution of schemes • Work in some stretches was taken up in West Bengal without conducting up soil tests. Sewer lines laid in some areas subsided due to loose sand. The lines had to be repaired or abandoned resulting in extra expenditure of Rs. 28 lakh.

  26. Execution of schemes • In one case defective design had been prepared for a pumping station. The design had to be changed and the site abandoned resulting in loss of Rs. 60 lakh. (WB)

  27. Execution of schemes • In one case sewer lines had been laid on subsoil boiling sand in some stretches at a cost of Rs. 2.32 crore. The sewer line was abandoned as area above it had been encroached by settlements. (WB)

  28. Execution of schemes (UP) • Against a target of 95 kms of sewer lines by March 2000 only 73 kms of lines had been laid till December 200. There was delay ranging between 2 and 23 months in completion of 40% schemes.

  29. Execution of schemes (UP) • 96 pumping sets had been purchased at a cost of Rs 10 crore in 1988, out of which only 70 sets had been installed upto March 2000. 26 sets were not installed due to incompletion of civil works. Guarantee period of the sets had expired. Similarly 10 diesel generating sets purchased for Rs. 1 crore were not installed due to incomplete civil works, guarantee period of which was over.

  30. Execution of schemes (Haryana) • out of 19 schemes the State could not complete work in 10 schemes by stipulated time.

  31. Execution of schemes (Haryana) • In Faridabad work for brick lines sewer line was taken up in 1995 for completion by April 1996 at a cost of Rs. 0.64 lakh. The work was delayed. Under Supreme Court directive to complete the work by June 1997, the State changed the scope of the work to RCC pipe. This resulted in extra cost of Rs. 2 crore.

  32. Execution of schemes • In other 25 schemes spread over different States, extra expenditure of Rs. 42 crore could have been avoided on account of: • Proper soil testing; • Correct designing; • Correct alignment of sewer lines; • matching of pumping capacity with inflow of sewage.

  33. Low cost sanitation schemes • 40 community toilets at a cost of Rs 1 crore were constructed in Bihar in Government/Semi Government/private Institutions in violation of GAP guidelines.

  34. Low cost sanitation schemes • Again in Bihar 20 community toilets were constructed at a cost of Rs. 58 lakh remained unused as they were: • Either occupied by people; • Constructed at fair sites and used for a few days in a year and locked thereafter;

  35. Low cost sanitation schemes • 10 community toilets in Bihar 20 constructed at a cost of Rs. 36 lakh remained unused as they were in a state of disrepair.

  36. River front development schemes • 2 bathing ghats were constructed in Haryana (Yamunnagar) at a cost of Rs. 73 lakhs were not used as they had defective design.

  37. Electric crematoria schemes • In Delhi work for a crematoria was started in 1995 for completion by May 1996 (Cost Rs. 100 lakh). The work was incomplete as of December 2000. DVB asked for Rs. 43 lakh in 1/97 for completion of electric works. The amount was deposited in 10/98. The work was yet to be taken up (12/00)

  38. Utilization • Out of 45 STPs commissioned as of March 2000, 19 did not work to full capacity due to; • Erratic electric supply; • Non-rectification of defects; • Non-release of funds by state govts.

  39. Utilization • The affluent quality of 6 STPs did not meet desired standards; • Out of 28 crematoria commissioned under GAPI, 8 were either closed or inoperational .

  40. Utilization • In Bihar 25mld capacity STP in Patna (cost Rs 4.5 crore) treated only 2 mld during 1998-99 and only 0.81 mld after April 1999 due to faulty pump.

  41. Utilization • In Bihar (Bagalpur) STP constructed at a cost of 3.88 crore did not utilize full capacity as actual inflow of sewage was only 3 mld. The shortfall was due to defective pumps on incoming lines. STP was not functioning since March due to disconnection of power supply by BSEB.

  42. Utilization • In Bihar 35 mld STP constructed in in 9/95 in Buxar at a cost of Rs. 44 lakh was closed in 9/96 due to breakdown of submersible pumps. The STP was not functioning and sewage was directly flowing into Ganga as power connection was disconnected by BSEB.

  43. Utilization • In Bihar 35 mld STP constructed in in 12/93 in Patna at a cost of Rs. 361 lakh treated only 10.32 mld sewage in 1999-2000 due to defective pumps. Repairs to pumps were not carried out and sewage continued to flow into Ganga.

  44. Utilization • In Calcutta 14 STPs of 342 mld constructed at a cost of Rs. 69.36 crore under GAPI treated only 182 mld of sewage as municipal authorities did not provide direct house connection to sewers.

  45. Utilization • The outflow of STPs should contain BOD less than 30 mg/l and suspended matter less than 50mg/l. Performance monitoring of 16 STPs entrusted by NRCD to external agencies revealed that 6 STPs did not conform to the norm.

  46. Utilization • 31 staff quarters constructed in Calcutta within STP premises at a cost of Rs. 39 lakh remained idle as private agencies were appointed for upkeep of the STPs. A laboratory constructed in Calcutta at a cost of Rs 12 lakh also remained idle as outside agency was appointed for the purpose.

  47. Utilization • 2 electric crematoria constructed in Bihar at a cost of Rs. 66 lakh remained non-functional since January 1994 and July 1997 as State Government failed to pay electricity bills to the BSEB. Bhagalpur crematoria also remained unoperational since 10./93 due to non-payment of electricity bills.

  48. Utilization • Munger crematoria constructed at a cost of Rs. 42 lakh was lying unused after it was damaged in floods of 4/1999.

  49. Utilization • Electric crematoria constructed at Hardwar and Allahabad at a cost of Rs 97 lakh were closed since 10/99 and 8/99 as municipal authorities failed to pay bills of electricity boards.

  50. Utilization • Electric crematoria constructed at Hardwar and Allahabad at a cost of Rs 97 lakh were closed since 10/99 and 8/99 as municipal authorities failed to pay bills of electricity boards.

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