Washington to Adams

1. Washington to Adams

2. Chapter 9: Big Ideas • Precedents and legacy of Washington’s presidency • Challenges to the Early Republic – What challenges did they face and how did they overcome them?

3. Formation of Political Parties • Factions – opposing groups within parties • Created in Washington’s Cabinet – WHY? • Hamilton vs. Jefferson • Different political views VS. Hamilton Jefferson

4. Different Political Views Federalists Democratic Republicans Support farmers – “cultivators of the Earth” Weaker federal government – preserve state powers Strict interpretation of Constitution Favored alliance with France Economy • Encourage manufacturing & trade – support the growth of cities • Strong federal government • Looser interpretation of Constitution • Wanted closer ties with Britain Federal v. State Power Interpreting Constitution Foreign Affairs

5. Election of 1796 • 1st election after Washington • Adams (Fed)barely wins the election • Jefferson elected VP (Dem-Rep)

6. John Adams’ Presidency • From Massachusetts • Federalist • 1797-1801 • Very different from Washington • Short, pudgy • Outspoken – stood up for his beliefs • Honest and able leader

7. Conflict with France • French objected to Jay’s Treaty – began to seize American ships • Americans called for war! • Adams sent diplomats to France • XYZ Affair – French minister Talleyrand sent three agents to offer the Americans a deal – would not negotiate unless Talleyrand was paid $250,000 and France was given a $10 million loan • Americans refused to pay a cent! • WAR FEVER – Adams resisted • How did he avoid war? • Strengthened the American navy (built frigates to defend American ships)

8. Impact of the XYZ Affair • Many wanted to go to war with France – Hamilton • Adams resisted war and lost support of many Federalists • Federalist party split – weakened for the Election of 1800

9. Alien and Sedition Acts • Passed in 1798 by the Federalists • During the crisis with France • Alien Act – the President could expel an alien or foreigner thought to be dangerous to the country • Made it more difficult for immigrants to become citizens • Sedition Act – citizens could be fined or jailed for criticizing the government or its officials • Are these laws constitutional? • What about the 1st Amendment? • Strongly opposed by the Republicans and Jefferson

10. Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions • 1798 and 1799 passed in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts • Helped by Jefferson and Madison • What did they say? • Claimed each state “has an equal right to judge for itself” whether a law is constitutional • If a state decides a law is unconstitutional it has the power to nullify the law within the state • Raises a BIG issue • States rights! • Is this a power that the states have?

12. Election of 1800 • Results • Tie Jefferson (73 electoral votes) – Burr (73 electoral votes) • House of Representatives decided the outcome – Jefferson wins! • Strong influence from Hamilton – anti-Burr • 12th Amendment – requires electors to vote separately for President and Vice President • End of the Federalist Era • Alexander Hamilton is killed by Aaron Burr in a duel (1804)

13. Ch. 9 Quest • Big Ideas – Can you list evidence? • Precedents and legacy of Washington’s presidency • Challenges to the Early Republic – What challenges did they face and how did they overcome them? • People • George Washington • Alexander Hamilton • Thomas Jefferson • John Adams • Study terms and notes/worksheets