The Age of Jackson Rebirth of Jeffersonian Democracy

1. The Age of Jackson Rebirth of Jeffersonian Democracy

4. The election of 1824 • Until 2000…the most compelling election in history? • Players: • Andrew Jackson • John Quincy Adams • Henry Clay • William Crawford

5. The results?

8. 12th Amendment? Clay as speaker of the house…holds all the cards in the election…why? Henry Clay: the key player in the election?

9. A ringing endorsement? “I cannot believe that killing 2500 Englishmen at New Orleans qualifies him for the various difficult and complicated duties of the Presidency” Clay on Jackson?

11. The final two in 24

12. Election results label him a “minority” president…correlation to today? Lineage Attitude Political parties…disdain. Aggressive Adams…characteristics?

13. Ranking sheet? Expand American System Sale of public land to improve nation Promote art and literature Est. a National University Finance Science Protect Indian rights and prevent the sale of their land John Quincy Adams as President

14. Done out of large part to spite John Adams, a movement spearheaded by Jackson in 1828. The Birth of the Democratic Party: 1828

16. Jacksonian Democracy • Like Jefferson, Jackson believed that every American, no matter if they’re poor or rich, educated or uneducated, had the right to run for office. • Under the influence of Jefferson and Jackson, the Democratic Party grew. Democrats believed that: • The people should govern themselves and not depend on a king to rule them. • Government should serve the people; people are not servants to government.

17. Jacksonian Campaigns? • Campaigns…forever changed! • Parades, barbecues, tree plantings, buttons, posters, and clothes • Songs, bands, propaganda • Resembled a modern election with old fashioned means. • Goal? • Heighten interest and promote democracy, get people participating.

20. The Age of Jackson

22. Jackson as President • Rankings? • Our first “sectional” president • Very popular • Only president to kill a man in a duel • Kitchen cabinet: symbolic of Jackson’s informal style of governance • Spoils System

24. Jackson and the Veto? • Used it as a legitimate political tactic to challenge the other branches of government • Used it to get back at Henry Clay!

25. Jackson and the Indians • A major black eye for US History • Assimilate versus Isolate? • Problem here? • Jackson and the Reservation philosophy • Page 263…comments • Conflicts arise over the issue of Reservationism

26. Black Hawk and Osceola Resist • Epitomizing the problems evident in the situation. • Black Hawk War led by the skilled Chief Osceola

28. Chief Blackhawk and the story of the Black Hawk War

29. Battle of Bad Axe

30. Jackson and the Indians • Court decisions support the Indians…John Marshall in the decision Worcester v. Georgia-1832 held that the Cherokees had autonomy in their lands. • Jackson’s stubborn response? “Marshall has made his decision…now let him enforce it!”

31. The Trail of Tears • The defining moment in the issue of Indian Rights…Jackson’s forced movement of the Cherokee out of their homeland in Georgia to the areas in and around Oklahoma. • The 800 mile journey home as made partly by steamboat, partly by rail, and partly by foot • They lost more than a ¼ of their people.

33. Trail of Tears: Links • A terrific site on the trail of tears and its impact: • http://www.ngeorgia.com/history/nghisttt.html

34. Jackson Divides The Nation • While it seems that for months we have been pointing to the upcoming sectionalism…the best example of Presidential politics breeding this sectionalism comes during the age of Jackson. • Jackson will serve to drive a stake through the nation with his policies and actions during his powerful presidency.

35. Sectional Issues Tear Apart The Nation • There were two main issues during the Jacksonian period that would nearly bring us to our own destruction internally between the sections of the nation. They are:

36. Issue #1 Jackson and the Bank • Why Jackson hated the Bank? • Everything he stood against, privilege, aristocracy and concentrated wealth. • Impact on Farmers…distrusted Paper money and the foreclosure of farms/homes. • Hated its founder Nicholas Biddle.

44. The divisive Andrew Jackson-a “decapitated bust” from the USS Constitution in 1834.

46. Jackson, the Bank and the election of 1832 • Clay and Webster (running against Jackson) assumed that the public liked the bank and wanted to take this opportunity to make the bank an issue. • If Jackson vetoed the rechartering act in Congress he would be viewed as an enemy of the bank and as a result would lose the election.

48. Clay/Webster’s problem… • The people hated the bank and Jackson won easily! • Cartoons page 271 • Jackson’s popularity approaching “King” like levels. • Jackson destroys the banks, and the economy in one “clean sweep”. The Pet Banks.

49. Wall street: Jackson’s war simply replaced one privilged group with another and this one would last much much longer! Whig Party is formed Formed out of the bank dispute in 1833 it consisted of Northern Democrats and Republicans who disagreed with Jacksonian Economics Two impacts of Jackson’s bank war:

50. Issue #2: The Tariff/States Rights • Purpose of the Tariff: protect Northern industry from British goods. • Impact on the South? How did the tariff impact the amount of Southern goods the British bought? • Little doubt it favored the North