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Announcements

This announcement provides important information regarding the upcoming midterm exam for Samantha Santiago, Diana Tran, Bryant Lim, and Tabah Syed. The exam will be a closed-note, closed-book, bluebook exam, designed for 80 minutes. There will be 4 possible short essay questions, with only the first 3 being graded. The questions will be based on the first 4 weeks of readings, including works by Allan Isaac, Ileto, Lumbera, Constantino, and Filipino women's writing in English. The best way to study is to review lectures, notes, and presentations, and determine the main themes and questions of the readings.

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Announcements

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  1. Announcements • W 1/30: Samantha Santiago, Diana Tran, Bryant Lim, & TabahSyed • Midterm – Mon 2/4! • Closed-note, closed-book, bluebook exam designed for full 80 minutes • 4 possible short essay questions – only first 3 will be graded. All questions based on the first 4 weeks of readings • Allan Isaac • Ileto, Lumbera, Constantino • Lumbera and Spanish revolutionary texts • Filipino women’s writing in English • Best way to study  review lectures, notes and presentations; determine main themes and questions of readings

  2. InangBayan Gender, Language and Nationalism

  3. Las Filipinas/Filipinas • Woman and land • Gendering of power hierarchies  mutually reinforcing systems of colonialism and patriarchy • Constituting nation and family • Feelings of nationalism inspired by familial tropes • The (false) dichotomy between public and private or domestic and national

  4. Rizal • Spanish as realm of ilustrado learning and language of reform • Mestizo appropriation of Spanish to imagine new concept of the Filipino • Filipino – Spanish creole; Spaniard born in Philippines • Filipino – Hispanicized or Latinized mestizos • Philippines imagined as the object of love of the new Filipino • Concept of the new Filipino inextricable from love of land – evoking patriotism and nationalism through romantic imagery

  5. Bonifacio& Jacinto • Tagalog vs Spanish • Rejection of colonizer’s language • Positions lowland Tagalogs as leaders of the revolution • Philippine nation  enlightened Tagalog vision

  6. Two Visions of Progress Philippine nation Glorious pre-colonial period Philippine nation REASON & REVOLUTION REASON & US TUTELAGE Darkness of Spanish rule Darkness of Spanish rule Bonifacio

  7. Motherhood/Victimhood • Constituting nation and family relegates women to two roles: • Mothers – either good or bad • Victims – violation of woman’s body as trope and consequence of colonialism • Women closely linked to affect rather than reason • Affect – emotion or desire, esp that which influences action • Mother’s duty = to train sons to love nation • Women as reproducers of nation rather than subjects of nation

  8. English Paradoxes • English as colonizing language • Force and consent • Unification of Philippines through English • English as equalizing language? • Spanish education = mestizo, upper class males • Public universal education in Philippines

  9. “Dead Stars” • Paz Marquez Benitez – author of first Philippine short story in Eng • Using English to describe upper-class Hispanicized household @ moment of transition to US occupation • How is Alfredo as an upper-class Hispanicized Filipino depicted? • What is his relationship with Esperanza like? Why is he attracted to Julia? • What is the symbolism of the “dead stars”?

  10. “Desire” • How can this story be read as an allegory? • Unnamed main character • The white man • How is the story working in “claiming the self, writing the body”?

  11. “A Son is Born” • Manuel Arguilla – conscious attempt to capture in English “authentic” native scenes of the Philippines • Intimacies of village life = authentic Filipino character? • Language and Authenticity • Can the idea of what it means to be Filipino be expressed in a non-Filipino language? • “They took away the language of my blood, / giving me one ‘more widely understood.’ / More widely understood! Now Lips can never / Never with the Soul-in-me commune” (Zapanta-Manlapaz 68) • Is there even a way of defining or determining what counts as being authentically Filipino?

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