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Queen Mary Tudor

Princess Mary Education & Opposition Securing the Crown Marriage Prospects Opposition to Philip Foreign Affairs Travel & Economics Spanish Naval Practice War with France Domestic Transition Conservative Recovery Marian Catholicism Protestant Retreat

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Queen Mary Tudor

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  1. Princess Mary Education & Opposition Securing the Crown Marriage Prospects Opposition to Philip Foreign Affairs Travel & Economics Spanish Naval Practice War with France Domestic Transition Conservative Recovery Marian Catholicism Protestant Retreat Exile, Martyrdom, Nicodemism England in November, 1558 Queen Mary Tudor Mary, 1544, National Portrait Gallery

  2. Princess Mary, b. 1516 Early Years Attractive & Gifted Child Marriage Alliances (France, HRE, Scotland) Court Appearances; Dances “Great and uncommon mental endowments” Education Music, Latin; Plato, More, Erasmus Renaissance Humanism Opposition & Identity Boleyn, K.A.’s Banishment from Court, ‘31 Demoted from “Princess” (Elizabeth, ‘33) Relative Isolation from Circles of Power Catholic Leader; Hope for Conservatives Defiance of E6’s Supremacy; Stalwart Princess Mary, c. 1521-5; Miniature National Portrait Gallery

  3. Securing the Crown, 1553 Popular & Noble Support Conservatives & Protestants Alike Affirmed Act of Succession, ‘43 Gardiner; Howard, Norfolk Marriage Prospects England’s 1st Queen Regnant Edward Courtenay, Earl of Devon G-g.son of Edward IV; Debauched Philip of Spain, Heir to Charles V Personal, Political, Religious Choice Opposition to Philip Foreign Ruler; Foreign Entanglements Parliament, Council, Nobility Wyatt’s Rebellion, Jan./Feb. ‘54 Treaty: Title but not Power of “King” Married: July 25, 1554 Queen Mary, 1554, by Hans Eworth National Portrait Gallery

  4. Foreign Affairs Travel & Economics Searching for New Markets Guinea (W. Africa), Baltic, Russia The Muscovy Company, 1555 Inherited Debt & Debased Coinage Financial Reforms; Book of Rates, ‘58 Benefit Felt by Elizabeth Spanish Martial Practice Philip and the English Fleet Organized Land Militia War with France (Habsburg Rivalry) Not Economically Wise Summer, ‘57: Aid to Spain January, ‘58: Loss of Calais Queen Mary, 1554, by AnthonisMor Museo Del Prado, Madrid, Spain

  5. Domestic Transition Conservative Recovery Turning the Clock Back to 1529 Not Monastic Lands Doctrinally Catholic, 1554 -> Marian Catholicism Reunion with Rome Philip’s Dominican Employees Spanish Tastes Return of Cardinal Reginald Pole Humanist Reform; Reconciliation Education; Diligence; High Standards Scholarly Episcopate Edmund Bonner, Bishop of London Cardinal Pole, post-1536;

  6. Protestant Retreat Exile Emigrants to German, Swiss Lands Frankfurt, Saxony, Strasbourg, Zürich About 800 Total Martyrdom: 1555-8 Hugh Latimer & Nicholas Ridley, ‘55 Thomas Cranmer, ’56 John Rogers & Rowland Taylor Artisans & Laborers in the SE About 300 Total Nicodemism Keeping One’s Head Low; Conformity William Cecil, Matthew Parker, Elizabeth Roger Ascham, Richard Cheyney “Silent Majority” or General Apathy? Cranmer’s End, Oxford, 1556 Foxe’s A&M, 1563

  7. England in November, 1558 Domestic Situation Economy: Debasement, Inflation; Harvests Trade Disruptions; Epidemics Politics: Factions, Minority; Female Rule Illnesses; Rebellions; Succession Religion: Henrician Swings; Prot. Advance Catholic Return; Lay Apathy Foreign Relations France: Traditional Enemy; Auld Alliance Calais; Firmly Catholic Spain: Enemy or Ally?; Emerging Hegemony Habsburg HRE; Catholic Pillar Rome: Henry’s Break; Ed’s Denial Mary’s Embrace & Return Protestant International: Germany/Dmark Swiss Cantons; Confessional Allegiance Princess Elizabeth, c. 1546; Windsor Castle

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