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Subsaharan Africa

Subsaharan Africa. Midterms Geography in the News Due in 44 days 15 sources? Subsaharan Africa Development colonial legacy Medical geography & disease Cultural patterns. Colonial Legacy. Boundaries & intertribal antagonism (e.g., Rwanda) Transportation network

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Subsaharan Africa

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  1. Subsaharan Africa • Midterms • Geography in the News • Due in 44 days • 15 sources? • Subsaharan Africa • Development colonial legacy • Medical geography & disease • Cultural patterns

  2. Colonial Legacy • Boundaries & intertribal antagonism (e.g., Rwanda) • Transportation network • Interior to coastal ports • Dual economy • 70% of labour force in agriculture • Cash crops for export: cocoa, coffee, tea, cotton • Subsistence agriculture (maize, millet, sorghum, tubers, plantain) • Land tenure issues, need for land reform • Colonial institutions • Government and legal framework

  3. Medical Geography • Epidemiology • Africa is uniquely vulnerable • High disease incidence and diffusion • Widespread nutritional deficiencies • Vectors and hosts • Spread of disease • Endemic • Epidemic • Pandemic

  4. Medical Geography • Endemic disease • Infects large numbers without rapid death • Equilibrium & persistent ill-health • Typically endemic to a region • Hepatitis • STDs or STIs (formerly venereal diseases) • Parasites e.g. hookworm – chronic anemia • Schistosomiasis (Bilharzia) • snail borne blood fluke • River Blindness (Onchocerciasis) • parasitic worm vectored by black fly

  5. Medical Geography • Epidemic • Local or regional dimensions, • Often acute onset • Distribution often depends on vector • Sleeping Sickness • Vectored by tsetse fly • Endemic in wildlife but kills Bos indicus/Bos taurus • No ‘domestic’ cattle breeds on African savannah

  6. Medical Geography • Pandemic • Spread is “worldwide” • Mosquito borne: • Yellow Fever • Malaria • DDT

  7. Medical Geography • Imminent Pandemic? • Spanish influenza 1918-19 • H1N1: 20-50 million deaths worldwide • Avian influenza? • H5N1

  8. MEDICAL GEOGRAPHY • AIDS • Pandemic since 1990s • ARV drugs in developed countries e.g. AZT • 80% of 37 million infected are in Africa • Shifted from equatorial belt to southern Africa • Botswana, Namibia, Zimbabwe • 25% of 15-49 population infected • Life expectancy is declining • Impact on labour force and economic development • Population declines of 10-20% • Bubonic plague in Europe • Small pox among indigenous people of Americas

  9. AIDS Transmission in the U.S.

  10. SOURCE: UNAIDS, 2000

  11. Growing Incidence of AIDS in Africa

  12. CULTURAL PATTERNS • Population distribution • African languages • Colonial lingua franca • Swahili • Hausa • Multilingualism • Religions • Christianity • Islam • Tribal religions

  13. POPULATION DISTRIBUTION Traumatized children after massacre of 1,000 in Congo

  14. Reprise

  15. GeneralizedLanguage Regions of Africa

  16. REGIONS OF SUBSAHARAN AFRICA

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