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Chapter 7

Chapter 7. Section 2: Trails to the West. Crossing the Appalachians. Several main roads west From Northeast- Mohawk trail into west NY From Philadelphia- Forber’s Road to Pittsburgh & then voyage west on the Ohio River. From Baltimore- went to Pittsburgh on Braddocks Road

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Chapter 7

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  1. Chapter 7 Section 2: Trails to the West

  2. Crossing the Appalachians • Several main roads west • From Northeast- Mohawk trail into west NY • From Philadelphia- Forber’s Road to Pittsburgh & then voyage west on the Ohio River

  3. From Baltimore- went to Pittsburgh on Braddocks Road • From Mid- Atlantic States- Cumberland Road or National Road • From South- Great Valley Road or Richmond Road

  4. Settling the Wilderness • Daniel Boone • Employed to cut Wilderness Rd through the Cumberland Gap • 1792- 75,000 pioneers settled in Kentucky • Became the 15th state

  5. 1830’s • Ohio- 1,000,000 • Indiana- 350,000 • Illinois 150,000 • 98,000 slaves move west between 1790 & 1810

  6. Forcing Native Americans West • Government developed a plan to help settlers by pressing the eastern tribes to move farther west to the Louisiana Territory • Land was unfit for farming

  7. Expanding into Florida • Spanish Occupation • 1795 Pinckney’s Treaty • Southern boundary of the US was set at 31N latitude • US citizens would be allowed free use of the Mississippi River

  8. Spain & the US agreed to control the Natives living within their borders & to prevent them from attacking each other’s territories

  9. US annexed west Florida by 1810 • Seminole led raids on settlements in Georgia

  10. The Seminole Wars • General Andrew Jackson was sent to put them down • Burned villages, captured towns & within a few weeks claim possession of the entire west part of Florida

  11. Secretary of State John Quincy Adams accused Spain of breaking the treaty for not controlling the Seminoles

  12. Adams-Onis Treaty • Spain ceded Florida to the US • Fixed the boundary between the LA purchase & Spanish territory in the west • Present day Texas

  13. Bound for the Pacific • Believed the US had a divine mission to spread liberty across the continent “manifest destiny” • The Oregon Country • Northern California to Southern Alaska

  14. Magnificent mountains, endless forests, & fertile valleys • 4 different nations claimed rights to the Oregon country • US, GB, Russia, & Spain • 1818- US & GB signed a treaty agreeing to it’s occupation

  15. Convention of 1818 • Disregarded the wishes of native Americans who lived there • 1819- Adams- Onis Treaty • Spain gave up its claim to the region • 1825- Russia gave up its claim

  16. Overland Travelers • 1842- organized wagon trains carried people west • Met in Independence, Missouri • Oregon Trail • Took 4-6 months & was expensive & exhausting

  17. Reasons to move west • Obtain land • Trade goods • Challenge & independence of life on the frontier • Good relations between the pioneers & Natives

  18. Santa Fe Trail • Used to go to Mexican Territory • By 1845 more than 5,000 migrated to Oregon & demanded complete control of the area • Treaty of 1846 US & GB agreed to divide the Oregon Country along the 49th parallel

  19. Mormon Migrations • Harassed by neighbors & condemned for their beliefs • Moved to Ohio & then to Nauvoo, Illinois in 1839 • Smith was killed by an angry mob because of polygamy

  20. Brigham Young • Becomes their new leader & moved outside the US border to the Great Salt Lake • Mormon Trail • By 1850 more than 11,000 settled

  21. Prospered as farmers & traders by skillfully irrigating their desert region & by selling food & supplies to pioneers

  22. Gold Rush • January 1848- gold was discovered • August- 4,000 gold crazed prospectors swarmed the land • Population explored to 200,000 by 1852

  23. Mostly unmarried men • 10% were Chinese • Impact on California • Bad for Natives • Made them slaves in their mines

  24. Brought commercial prosperity to cities along the Pacific Coast • Mining towns usually had short lives • Ghost towns

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