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Marine Fishes

Marine Fishes. What is a fish??. Classic definition: -Any of numerous cold-blooded aquatic vertebrates of the superclass Pisces, characteristically having fins, gills, and a streamlined body and including specifically, and...

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Marine Fishes

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  1. Marine Fishes

  2. What is a fish?? Classic definition: -Any of numerous cold-blooded aquatic vertebrates of the superclass Pisces, characteristically having fins, gills, and a streamlined body and including specifically, and... -Any of the class Osteichthyes, having a bony skeleton, and... -Any of the class Chondrichthyes, having a cartilaginous skeleton and including the sharks, rays, and skates. Although this is all accurate...we will find that fish are considerably MORE!!

  3. Fish similarities... • Vertebrate ( chordate) • Gills • Fins • Scales

  4. What is a fusiform body shape? • pointed leading edge • maximum depth 1/3 body length back from head • posterior taper • caudal fin interrupts ideal fusiform shape

  5. Hagfish (Agnatha): jawless fish

  6. Lamprey • Predatory/parasitic • Rasping teeth

  7. Parasitism of Great Lakes fishes…

  8. Cartilagenous Fishes(Sharks, Skates and Rays)

  9. Distinguishing Traits • cartilaginous skeleton • no swim bladder • heterocercal tail • scales and teeth • spiracles present with 5-7 gill slits • males have claspers, internal fertilization • teeth in rows, are constantly replaced

  10. Sharks exhibit extreme variability in size, shape and abilities.

  11. Nearly 850 spp. of sharks, 350 exhibit typical body morphology.

  12. Variations on this theme are common.

  13. Cetorhinus maximus Carchariniformes – basking sharks, filter feeder

  14. Mako Great White Isurus oxyrinchus Lamniformes - mackerel, mako, white sharks -carnivores Great White, Carcharodon carcharias

  15. Skates and rays spend most of their lives near (on) the ocean floor eating molluscs, squid, and small fish. Yellow stingray, Urolophus jamaicensis

  16. Like sharks, skates and rays come in many shapes and sizes.

  17. Blue spotted ray, Taeniura lymma

  18. Boneless vs.Bony

  19. Cycloid and Ctenoid Scales Found in bony fishes (the Teleostei). Overlapping = flexibility, over cosmoid or ganoid scales. Cycloid scales—smooth posterior margin. (Greek "cyclo“ or circle.)

  20. Fish form and functionshow a high degreeof variation.

  21. Coloration is also veryimportant in fish.Here a stonefish “disappears”amid the coral background.Chromatophores, specializedpigment cells within itsskin provide protective coloration.

  22. Disruptive Coloration (Camo!) • Disrupt the outline of the fish

  23. Countershading • Being dark on top, light on bottom – Look like substrate from above – Look like water surface from below

  24. Warning coloration! May indicate poisonous amimal.

  25. Fish Locomotion Primary forces involved in fish swimming: Thrust - force that propels forward Drag - friction produced from passing an object through a medium Gravity – force from earth’s magnetic pull (partially counterbalanced by density of water) Lift - upward force that counteracts gravity

  26. Fish Feeding - function • Herbivores • < 5% of all bony fishes, no cartilaginous fishes • browsers - selective - eat only the plant • grazers - less selective - include sediments • Detritivores • 5 - 10% of all species • feed on decomposing organic matter

  27. Fish Feeding - function, cont. • Carnivores • zooplanktivores • suction feeding • ram feeding • benthic invertebrate feeders • graspers • pickers • sorters • crushers

  28. Fish Feeding - function, cont. • Carnivores, cont. • fish feeders • active pursuit • stalking • ambushing • luring

  29. Fish feeding behavior • Fish feeding behavior integrates morphology with perception to obtain food: • Search • --> Detection • --> Pursuit • --> Capture • --> Ingestion

  30. Feeding behavior • Fish show versatility in prey choice and ingestion • Behavior tightly linked to morphology (co-evolution)

  31. Lateral line also aids in navigation in close quarters. Damselfish, Chromis spp.

  32. Predator avoidance

  33. Migration for some salmon is a one-way trip!

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