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Announcements

Announcements. Begin literature search! Locate a minimum of 1 review article & 2 peer reviewed research articles. Type out a reference list & have a copy of the papers turned in by Feb 4 ! Worth a 10 pt quiz grade. Proliferation* Differentiation & cell maturation.

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Announcements

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  1. Announcements • Begin literature search! • Locate a minimum of 1 review article & 2 peer reviewed research articles. • Type out a reference list & have a copy of the papers turned in by Feb 4! • Worth a 10 pt quiz grade.

  2. Proliferation* Differentiation & cell maturation. Co-stimulus for lymphocyte activation. Stimulate gene expression: - Cell surface markers • Chemotaxis • Increase / decrease MHC expression • Increase /decrease cytokine receptors. What result may cytokines have on cells? • Antibody type • Serum proteins • Antiviral proteins

  3. Table 2. STAT Activation in Human Tumors & Cell Lines

  4. Multiple Myeloma: IL6 is over-produced. Autocrine activity Increased or constitutive expression of Stat3. Overproduction of: Bcl-xL, Bcl-2, Mcl-1, survivin (anti-apoptotic regulatory proteins). cMyc & cyclinD- drive the cell cycle. Role of Cytokines & STATs in Cancer

  5. Antibody Structure & DiversityChapter 2 Antigens The Structure of Antibodies Antibody Antigen Interactions

  6. 3. Chemical Composition & Heterogeneity. 4. For TCR: ability to be processed & displayed in the MHC. 1. Foreignness 2. Molecular size: Excellent: >100,000 da Fair-poor: 5,000-10,000 da Characteristics of a good immunogen?

  7. Proteins: Excellent immunogens. Polysaccharides: Good LPS DNA: poor Denature- hapten Lipids: poor hapten Chemical nature of immunogens:

  8. Antibody Structure

  9. 2 Light Chains & 2 Heavy Chains mercaptoethanol Antibody-Rodney Porter & Gerald Edelman; 1962

  10. IgG structure

  11. Light Chains: Kappa or lambda Each Ab carries only 1 type. ~60% of the Ab carry kappa. ~40% carry lambda. 5 isotypes of the heavy chain

  12. IgG as a model! Each domain is ~ 110 AA long. Light chains: 2 domains Heavy chains: 4 domains The Ig Domain

  13. Fig. 4-4, kuby Beta pleated sheet shown is composed of anti-parallel arrangements of beta strands.

  14. 4+3 & 4+5 arrangement Anti-parallel Parham, fig. 2.6 Ig Fold: Beta barrel

  15. The Variable Region

  16. Elvin A. Kabat HR: Hypervariable Region OR CDR: Complementary Determining Region FR: Framework Region

  17. The CDRs of both H & L chains make up the Ab binding region!

  18. The Hinge Region • A peptide extension found in IgA, IgG, & IgD. • Located between CH1 & CH2. • Flexible.

  19. Hinge is flexible & allows for multitude of Ab-Ag complexes.

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