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The Pacific War: Key Events From 1941 to 1945

The War in the Pacific (1941-1945) marked a significant chapter in World War II, beginning with Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, prompting the US to declare war. Key events include the Japanese invasion of the Philippines, the Bataan Death March, and various critical battles such as Coral Sea and Midway, which turned the tide in favor of the Allies. The campaign included a strategy of “island hopping” leading to key victories, culminating in the dropping of atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, resulting in Japan's surrender and the end of the war.

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The Pacific War: Key Events From 1941 to 1945

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  1. The War in the Pacific 1941-1945

  2. 1941 • Dec. 7: Japanese attack Pearl Harbor • Dec. 8: US declares war on Japan • Japan invades Philippines and then seizes: • Guam • Burma • Hong Kong

  3. 1942 • Japanese complete takeover of Philippines • Gen. MacArthur: “I shall return.” • 76,000 troops captured • Baatan Death March • 5,000 Americans die • 40% of US POWs captured by Japanese die, as opposed to 1.2% in Europe • Japanese-Americans in six states ordered to internment camps

  4. Critical Thinking • Why were US POW deaths so much greater in the Pacific than in Europe?

  5. 1942 • April: US air raid on Tokyo • May: Battle of the Coral Sea • First Japanese defeat • Air combat from carriers • June: Battle of Midway • Decisive US naval victory • Japan seizes Attu & Kiska in Aleutian islands • Aug.: US troops land at Guadalcanal

  6. 1943 • Feb.: US defeat Japanese at Guadalcanal • “Island Hopping” • US invade Solomon Islands, then Gilbert Islands, moving ever closer to Japan • US recaptures Aleutians • Emperor Hirohito announces Japanese situation is “truly grave”

  7. Critical Thinking • Why did the US follow the “island hopping” strategy rather than attack Japan directly?

  8. 1944 • US starts to capture Marshall Islands • US invades Saipan • US begins sustained bombing campaign in Japan • Recapture of Guam • Americans begin recapture of Philippines

  9. 1945 • Iwo Jima • Okinawa • Aug. 6: Atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima • Aug. 9: 2nd atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki • Aug. 14: Japanese surrender • Sep. 2: Formal surrender (V-J Day)

  10. Critical Thinking • Why do you think Japan did not surrender earlier?

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