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Chapter Three Managing Network Protocols

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laksha
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70-270, 70-290 MCSE/MCSA Guide to Installing and Managing Microsoft Windows XP Professional and Windows Server 2003. Chapter Three Managing Network Protocols. Objectives. Identify the components of a network system

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Chapter Three Managing Network Protocols
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  1. 70-270, 70-290 MCSE/MCSA Guide to Installing and Managing Microsoft Windows XP Professional and Windows Server 2003 Chapter Three Managing Network Protocols

  2. Objectives • Identify the components of a network system • Identify and describe the protocols commonly used in Windows XP and Windows Server 2003 • Configure network components • Describe the TCP/IP architecture • Explain name and address resolution Guide to MCSE 70-270, 70-290

  3. Objectives (continued) • Configure and use TCP/IP protocols and services • Work with TCP/IP command-line utilities • Use Windows XP Remote Assistance and Remote Desktop features • Understand Windows XP as used in NetWare networks • Explain the purpose and functioning of redirectors Guide to MCSE 70-270, 70-290

  4. Networking Overview Figure 3-1: Major network components Guide to MCSE 70-270, 70-290

  5. Networking Overview (continued) • Network’s pathway provides hardware for transmitting signals from one computer to another • Bits must be organized into packets • Protocol stack: Collection of network protocols • Responsible for formatting packets of data • Proprietary and nonproprietary protocols • Windows XP and Server 2003 designed for multiple protocols • Use similar techniques for modifying network components and configurations Guide to MCSE 70-270, 70-290

  6. Network Protocol Stacks Supported by Windows XP • NetBEUI, NetBIOS, TCP/IP, NWLink • TCP/IP: All-embracing suite of protocols that cover wide range of capabilities • Designed to support multiple routing protocols • Incorporates better error detection and handling • Neither extremely fast nor simple to use • NWLink: Microsoft implementation of Novell’s IPX/SPX protocol stack • Works with NDIS driver technology Guide to MCSE 70-270, 70-290

  7. Network Protocol Stacks Supported by Windows XP (continued) • NWLink (continued): • Advantages: • SPX II • Autodetection of frame types • Direct hosting over IPX • Disadvantages: • IPX might not scale well on large networks • Lacks built-in feature for centralized name and address management • IPX imposes higher memory requirements on DOS machines and runs less efficiently across slow serial connections Guide to MCSE 70-270, 70-290

  8. Network Protocol Stacks Supported by Windows XP (continued) Table 3-1: TCP/IP-supported protocols and services Guide to MCSE 70-270, 70-290

  9. Network Protocol Stacks Supported by Windows XP (continued) Table 3-1 (continued): TCP/IP-supported protocols and services Guide to MCSE 70-270, 70-290

  10. Network Protocol Stacks Supported by Windows XP (continued) Table 3-1 (continued): TCP/IP-supported protocols and services Guide to MCSE 70-270, 70-290

  11. Network Protocol Stacks Supported by Windows XP (continued) • NetBEUI and DLC: Deemphasized in Windows XP and Windows Server 2003 • NetBIOS: Widely used but simple PC client/server interprocess communication (IPC) mechanism • Works with all TDI-compliant transports • NWNBLink • NBT • By default, Windows XP TCP/IP configured to use NetBIOS setting defined by local DHCP server Guide to MCSE 70-270, 70-290

  12. Configuring Network Components Figure 3-2: The Network Connections utility Guide to MCSE 70-270, 70-290

  13. Configuring Network Components (continued) Figure 3-3: The General tab of the Local Area Connection Properties dialog box Guide to MCSE 70-270, 70-290

  14. Configuring Network Components (continued) • Elements that can be installed: • Client for Microsoft Networks • Client Service for NetWare • QoS Packet Scheduler • File and Printer Sharing for Microsoft Networks • Service Advertising Protocol • Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) • Network Monitor Driver • NWLink IPX/SPX/NetBIOS Compatible Transport Protocol Guide to MCSE 70-270, 70-290

  15. Activity 3-1: Reviewing Local Area Connection Properties • Objective: Use Network Connections in Control Panel to view the properties of the local area connection and the status of the network connection Guide to MCSE 70-270, 70-290

  16. Wireless Networking • Allows for reliable network connectivity and communications without a network cable • Two primary components: • Base station: Wireless hub designed to support network connections for wireless-enabled clients • NIC • Wireless standards: • 802.11g: Supports 54 Mbps throughput • 802.11b: Supports 11 Mbps throughput • Both support WEP Guide to MCSE 70-270, 70-290

  17. Network Setup Wizard • Used to configure nondomain networks for small offices or home use of Windows • Allows easy configuration of: • Easy-to-remember computer names, such as “Study Computer” or “Den System” • Your Internet connection, whether it’s via a dial-up or dedicated link • Internet Connection Sharing (ICS) • Internet Connection Firewall (ICF) • TCP/IP for networking Guide to MCSE 70-270, 70-290

  18. Managing Bindings • Binding: Order in which networking components linked • Affects system behavior and performance • By default, XP binds any two components that share common boundary layer • Complete binding • Disabling unused and unneeded protocol bindings improves system performance • Decreases likelihood of communication errors • XP makes connections in order in which protocols bound Guide to MCSE 70-270, 70-290

  19. Managing Bindings (continued) Figure 3-6: The Adapters and Bindings tab Guide to MCSE 70-270, 70-290

  20. Activity 3-2: Working with Network Bindings • Objective: Use the Advanced Settings of the Network Connections object to view the network bindings Guide to MCSE 70-270, 70-290

  21. Bridging and Routing • Bridging takes place at data link layer using MAC addresses • Routing works at Internet layer using network addresses • XP Professional can’t perform routing • Can act as bridge between two network segments • Can support single network bridge per system Guide to MCSE 70-270, 70-290

  22. Bridging and Routing (continued) Figure 3-7: Multiple network segments connected by a server Guide to MCSE 70-270, 70-290

  23. TCP/IP Architecture Figure 3-8: The TCP/IP protocol stack Guide to MCSE 70-270, 70-290

  24. TCP/IP Architecture (continued) • IP Addressing: • Four octets, each between 0 and 255 • Subnet mask: Blocks out address’s host portion • Only network ID portion remains visible to computer • Enables sending computer to determine whether destination on same network segment • Classless interdomain routing (CIDR): Divided available addresses into more subnetworks Table 3-2: Classes of IP addresses Guide to MCSE 70-270, 70-290

  25. TCP/IP Architecture (continued) • Private IP Addressing and Network Address Translation: • Public IP addresses: Used to connect to Internet • Private networks can potentially use any IP address range • To access other networks, each computer must have IP address of its gateway • Network Address Translation (NAT): Used to transmit requests from private network to Internet Table 3-3: Private IP addresses Guide to MCSE 70-270, 70-290

  26. TCP/IP Architecture (continued) Figure 3-9: Private networking using NAT to connect to the Internet Guide to MCSE 70-270, 70-290

  27. TCP/IP Architecture (continued) • Internet Protocol (IP) Suite: • Internet Protocol (IP): Provides source and destination addressing and routing in TCP/IP • Connectionless datagram protocol • Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP): Used to send control messages between IP hosts • e.g., error messages and confirmations • Address Resolution Protocol (ARP): Used to associate logical and physical addresses • IPv6: Uses 128-bit address space Guide to MCSE 70-270, 70-290

  28. TCP/IP Architecture (continued) • Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol: • DHCP used to automatically configure computers with IP address information obtained from DHCP server • Can be installed on Windows Server 2003 systems • Configured to block(s) of IP addresses • Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA): Used if no DHCP service available • DHCP server handles granting, renewing, or canceling leases Guide to MCSE 70-270, 70-290

  29. TCP/IP Architecture (continued) • Automatic Private IP Addressing: Allows home users and small business users to create single subnet TCP/IP network • Without using static addressing or DHCP server • Transmission Control Protocol (TCP): Primary Internet transport protocol • Accepts messages and provides transportation to TCP peer on remote network host • Connection oriented • TCP port number used to determine which process on host is to receive particular packet Guide to MCSE 70-270, 70-290

  30. TCP/IP Architecture (continued) • User Datagram Protocol (UDP): Connectionless transport protocol • Used for distributed file systems • e.g., Network File System (NFS) • Used for TFTP • File Transfer Protocol (FTP): Connection-oriented file transfer service • Uses TCP as transport protocol • Windows Server 2003 can provide FTP services to clients Guide to MCSE 70-270, 70-290

  31. TCP/IP Architecture (continued) • Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP): Lightweight analog of FTP • Uses UDP rather than TCP • Telnet: Remote terminal emulation protocol • Used for connectivity between dissimilar systems • Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP): Provides IP-based messaging services • Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP): Used for network management Guide to MCSE 70-270, 70-290

  32. Name-to-Address Resolution • TCP/IP translates names to IP addresses using a number of different protocols • NetBIOS: Resolves name to address by sending broadcast packet to all computers on a subnet • Asks for address of specific computer or service name • Runs over transport protocols • Including TCP/IP, NWLink, and NetBEUI • Does not work over routers Guide to MCSE 70-270, 70-290

  33. Name-to-Address Resolution (continued) • Lmhosts File: Static file placed on network members to provide resolution mechanism between NetBIOS names and IP addresses • Each line contains IP address and corresponding NetBIOS name • Windows Internet Naming Service (WINS): Dynamically associates NetBIOS names with IP addresses • Automatically updates as systems enter and leave network Guide to MCSE 70-270, 70-290

  34. Name-to-Address Resolution (continued) • The Hosts and Lmhosts Files: • Hosts file provides name to IP address information for TCP/IP protocols • Can be used to hard-code important systems • DNS: Translates symbolic names to corresponding numeric IP addresses • Provides reverse lookup services Guide to MCSE 70-270, 70-290

  35. Activity 3-3: Resolving Names to Addresses • Objective: View the contents of the Hosts and Lmhosts files • Via Notepad • In \Windows\System32\Drivers\Etc folder Guide to MCSE 70-270, 70-290

  36. TCP/IP Configuration • Performed through Network Connections window • If machine uses DHCP, DHCP server configures • If not, may need following info: • Unique IP address for computer • Subnet mask for network • Address of default gateway • Address DNS server(s) • Address for WINS server Guide to MCSE 70-270, 70-290

  37. TCP/IP Configuration (continued) Figure 3-10: The DNS tab of the Advanced TCP/IP Settings dialog box Guide to MCSE 70-270, 70-290

  38. Activity 3-4: Configuring TCP/IP • Objective: Configure the IP address of a computer from the Local Area Connection properties dialog box • Via Network Connections window Guide to MCSE 70-270, 70-290

  39. TCP/IP Command Line Utilities • Rsh (remote shell): User on one network host accesses shell commands on another network host • Rexec (remote execution): User on one network host to runs programs remotely across network • Route Command: View and manipulate local IP routing tables Table 3-4: Valid commands for the Route command action Guide to MCSE 70-270, 70-290

  40. TCP/IP Command Line Utilities (continued) • Tracert Command: Determines path used by ICMP echo request message • Displays routers encountered between client and target system • Ping Command: Uses ICMP to inquire whether designated host is reachable • Ping own system by entering Ping 127.0.0.1 or Ping loopback • Pathping Command: Provides name and IP address of each gateway a Ping packet traverses Guide to MCSE 70-270, 70-290

  41. TCP/IP Command Line Utilities (continued) • Ipconfig Command: Used to manage and view information related to DHCP and DNS Figure 3-12: The results of an Ipconfig /all command Guide to MCSE 70-270, 70-290

  42. TCP/IP Command Line Utilities (continued) • Netstat command: Displays list of active TCP connections • Including open ports, Ethernet statistics, IP routing table, and IPv4/IPv6 statistics • Nbtstat command: Displays protocol statistics for NetBIOS over TCP/IP (NetBT), NetBIOS name tables, and the NetBIOS name cache Guide to MCSE 70-270, 70-290

  43. Activity 3-5: Testing TCP/IP Communications • Objective: Use the Ping command to test the communication with a host address • Must know IP address, host name, or FQDN of at least one system on network • Run from command prompt Guide to MCSE 70-270, 70-290

  44. Activity 3-6: Testing Name-to-address Resolution • Objective: View the contents of the Hosts file and modify it to use your name as an alternative name for your computer • Review Activity 3-3 first • Use Ping to test name-to-address resolution Guide to MCSE 70-270, 70-290

  45. Windows XP Remote Assistance Tools: Remote Assistance • Designed to simplify training users or walking users through tasks • To initiate Remote Assistance invitation, use “Invite a friend to connect to your computer with Remote Assistance” link in Help and Support • Both systems must be running Windows XP or newer with Windows Messenger Service or MAPI compliant e-mail utility • Uses Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) • Uses TCP port 3389 for establishing session Guide to MCSE 70-270, 70-290

  46. Activity 3-8: Providing Remote Assistance • Objective: Respond and take control of a person’s computer with the Remote Assistance utility Guide to MCSE 70-270, 70-290

  47. Windows XP Remote Assistance Tools: Remote Desktop • Developed so that workers can access work desktops from home systems • Enabled through Remote Desktop Web Connection • Component of IIS • After connected, have full control over host client • Remote Desktop Connection utility: Second method for Remote Desktop • Does not need IIS Guide to MCSE 70-270, 70-290

  48. Windows XP and NetWare Networks • Many companies use Novell NetWare • Microsoft includes interconnectivity enhancements to allow Windows XP computers to connect to NetWare servers • Bindery: Proprietary database that contains network resource information • Novell Directory Services (NDS): Hierarchical database used by NetWare 4.0 and later servers to store network resource and object data • Comparable to Active Directory Guide to MCSE 70-270, 70-290

  49. Windows XP and NetWare Networks (continued) Figure 3-14: An eDirectory (NDS) tree structure for an organization Guide to MCSE 70-270, 70-290

  50. Windows XP and NetWare Networks (continued) • NetWare Compatibility Components: • NWLink protocol: Microsoft’s implementation of IPX/SPX • Client Service for NetWare: Allows Windows XP computer to access resources on NetWare server • Installing NetWare Components: • Installed through a connection object in Network Connections • File and Print Servers: • CSNW adds NetWare-focused redirector that acts as an extension of file system Guide to MCSE 70-270, 70-290