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URBANIZATION

URBANIZATION. Urban geography is the study of urban areas. Urban areas have a high concentration of buildings and infrastructure . These are areas where the majority of economic activities are in the secondary sector and tertiary sectors. They often have a high population density.

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URBANIZATION

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  1. URBANIZATION

  2. Urban geography is the study of urban areas. • Urban areas have a high concentration of buildings and infrastructure. • These are areas where the majority of economic activities are in the secondary sector and tertiary sectors. • They often have a high population density.

  3. URBANIZATION • Urbanization – Growth and diffusion of city landscapes and urban lifestyles. (ruralurban) • Urban areas provide; • Protection • Services & products (marketplace) • Employment • Cultural Features (Landmarks, Food) • Educational Opportunities • Transportation/Communication Hub • Urban areas first developed when people stopped hunting and gathering, and became sedentary rather than nomadic.

  4. Urbanization in the World's More Developed and Less Developed Societies

  5. Emerging city – urban areas that are experiencing population growth as well as increasing their economic and political power throughout their region. • Shanghai, China • Hanoi, Vietnam • Bangkok, Thailand • Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia • Dubai, U.A.E. • Singapore, Singapore • Mumbai, India • Jakarta, Indonesia

  6. Gateway city – urban areas that connect two or more areas and serve as a gateway among them. • Boston • New York City • San Francisco • St. Louis • Miami • Toronto • Vancouver • Mumbai • Sydney • Istanbul • Cape Town • Hong Kong • Amsterdam • Barcelona • Dublin

  7. GLOBAL CITIES • A Global city (or world city) is a city deemed to be an important nodal point in the global economic system • 2008 U.N. study – business activity, human capital, information exchange, cultural experience, & political engagement.

  8. URBAN HIERARCHIES • Hamlet – may only include a few dozen people and offer very limited services. The people in the hamlet are clustered around an urban center – which may consist only of a gas station or general store. • Village – larger than hamlets and offer more services. Instead of just a general store, there may be stores specializing in the sale of food, clothing, furniture, etc.

  9. URBAN HIERARCHIES • Town – may consist of 50 to a few thousand people. The meaning of a town varies from State to State & Nation to Nation. • City – Large, densely populated areas that may include tens of thousands of people. • Large industrialized cities generally have advanced systems for sanitation, utilities, land usage, housing, transportation, etc…

  10. URBAN HIERARCHIES • Metropolis – large city, large populations incorporating large areas. US Government states that a metropolis must have over 50,000 people.

  11. URBAN HIERARCHIES • Megalopolis – an area consisting of several metropolitan areas linked together that forms one huge urban area. • Canada – Mainstreet • Hamilton, Toronto, Ottawa, Montreal, & Quebec City • USA • Bosnywash • Boston, Mass. • Providence, R.I. • Hartford, Conn. • NYC • Newark, NJ • Philadelphia, PA • Dover, DE • Baltimore, MD • Washington DC.

  12. USA –ChiPitts • Green Bay, Milwaukee, Chicago, Indianapolis, Detroit, Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati, Pittsburgh, Buffalo • USA –San San • San Diego, San Bernardino, Riverside, Los Angeles, Bakersfield, Fresno, San Jose, Sacramento, Napa, Freemont, Oakland, San Francisco

  13. Europe – Blue Banana • Dublin, Lon-Leeds-Chester, Paris, Flemish Diamond, Randstad, Rhine-Ruhr, Frankfurt, Munich, Basel, Zurich, Milan, Torino • Japan – Tokaido corridor (Taiheiyo Belt) (Pacific Belt) • Tokyo, Yokohama, Nagoya Osaka, Kobe, Kyoto, Hiroshima, Yamaguchi

  14. Australia – The Boomerang • Melbourne, Canberra, Sydney, Brisbane • Brazil – Golden Triangle • Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Belo Horizonte

  15. Why Do Services Cluster Downtown? • CBD land uses • Central business districts (CBDs) • Retail services in the CBD • Retailers with a high threshold • Retailers with a high range • Retailers serving downtown workers • Business services in the CBD

  16. CBD of Charlotte, NC Figure 13-1

  17. Why Do Services Cluster Downtown? • Competition for land in the CBD • High land costs • Some of the most expensive real estate in the world = Tokyo • Intensive land use • Underground areas • Skyscrapers • “Vertical geography”

  18. Why Do Services Cluster Downtown? • Activities excluded from the CBD • Lack of industry in the CBD • Modern factories require large, one-story parcels of land • Lack of residents in the CBD • Push and pull factors involved • CBDs outside North America • Less dominated by commercial considerations.

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