1. Section 18-1 Review • What is binomial nomenclature? • What is the most inclusive taxon? • What is the least inclusive taxon? • What 2 kingdoms did Linnaeus identify? • Name the seven taxa identified by Linnaeus, from largest to smallest.

2. Modern Evolutionary ClassificationSection 18-2 Objectives: 9.1 Sequencing taxa from most inclusive to least inclusive in the classification of living things 9.2 Identifying organisms using a dichotomous key

3. Limitations to Linnaeus’ System • Based simply on visible similarities and differences • What did we learn from Lonesome George and the tortoise in the Prague Zoo? • Based on visible similarities, would you think dolphins are more closely related to humans or fish?

4. Phylogeny: • Def: the study of evolutionary relationships among organisms • Based on lines of evolutionary descent, not just physical similarities • This is called evolutionary classification. • It is based on recently shared common ancestors to show closer relationships.

5. Phylogenetic Tree or Cladogram Source: http://schoolworkhelper.net/evolution-synapomorphies-cladogram/

6. Source:http://ibc.lynxeds.com/photo/american-black-vulture-coragyps-atratus/perched-tree-transpantaneiraSource:http://ibc.lynxeds.com/photo/american-black-vulture-coragyps-atratus/perched-tree-transpantaneira Source:http://ibc.lynxeds.com/photo/painted-stork-mycteria-leucocephala/birds-just-started-migrate-park-early-august Source:http://www.naturephoto-cz.com/african-white-backed-vulture-photo-3171.html

7. Similarities in DNA and RNA • Look at the birds in Figure 18-8, on p.454. • Which 2 would you think were more closely related? • Both the American vultures and the stork will urinate on their own legs to let evaporation cool them. • DNA analysis showed the DNA sequences of these two birds were also more similar.