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The Crusades: A Historical Overview of the Holy Wars for the Holy Land

The Crusades were a series of religious wars initiated to reclaim the Holy Land, starting in 1096 at the request of Byzantine Emperor Alexios I to Pope Urban II. This conflict lasted over 200 years, involving knights and younger sons seeking glory and salvation. The First Crusade saw Jerusalem captured in 1099, while subsequent crusades aimed to retake lost territory. The Spanish Crusade focused on driving Muslims from Spain, culminating in the Inquisition. This historical examination delves into the motivations, results, and lasting impacts of these pivotal wars.

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The Crusades: A Historical Overview of the Holy Wars for the Holy Land

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Vocabulary • Crusades- A series of “Holy Wars” that were undertaken to recapture the Holy Land.

  2. Warm up • Why was it called “The Black Death”?

  3. The Crusades

  4. How did it begin? • Began in 1093 when the Byzantine Emperor wrote a letter read by Pope Urban II • The Pope then called for a “Holy War” against the Muslim Turks • How long did it last? • Over 200 Years

  5. Who fought the Crusades? • Knights • Younger sons who would not inherit property • What were Crusaders promised? • If they died on the Crusade they were assured a place in heaven • What was their attire? • Tunics with red crosses on their chest

  6. First Crusade • Goal: To take back the Holy Land and Jerusalem • 1096-1099 • Result: Captured Jerusalem on July 15 1099 and a 650 mile stretch of land from Edessa (north) to Jerusalem (south)

  7. Second Crusade • Goal: Retake Edessa • 1145-1187 • Edessa was recaptured by the Muslim Turks in 1144 • Result: Crusaders were defeated and shocked to find that Jerusalem had fallen to the Muslim leader Saladin

  8. Third Crusade • Goal: Recapture Jerusalem • 1189-1192 • Leader of Crusaders: King Richard The Lion Hearted of England • Result: King Richard was unable to recapture Jerusalem but he and Saladin agree to a truce • Muslims keep Jerusalem but Christians are free to visit the cities holy places

  9. Fourth Crusade • Goal: Retake Jerusalem • 1202-1204 • Result: Knights did not reach Holy Land and looted Constantinople instead

  10. Spanish Crusade • 1100-1492 • Reconquista • Effort to drive Muslims out of Spain • The leaders of Spain (Ferdinand and Isabella) instituted a tribunal held by the Church called The Inquisition to eliminate Heresy • Jewish and Muslim converts were questioned & tortured to see if they held beliefs different from that of the Church

  11. Closing • Are there any similarities between the Crusades and Islamic Jihad??

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