What is your major?

1. What is your major? Response Counter • Premed • Chemistry • Engineering • Paper Mache • Non science (geology, physics, astrology etc)

2. SACS • Monthly meetings with free food and interesting discussion • Field trips and outreach opportunities • FUN! • Ask us how to join national and local organization

3. Search the UKY Chemistry page under the Undergraduate tab for SACS. • For those interested in joining, email one of the officers or look for fliers before each meeting around the Chem-Phys building.

4. Mastering Chemistry due dates • Intro to Gen Chemistry Thu, September 4 2014 10 PM • Introduction to Mastering Thu, September 4 2014 10 PM • Math Review Thu, September 4 2014 10 PM • Chapter 1 Fri, September 5 2014 10 PM The Course ID is CHE105F2014KEKENESHUSKEY Do not include the 9 at the beginning of your student ID

5. Chapter 1Matter, Measurement, and Problem Solving Fall 2014

6. Chemistry: A Science for the 21st Century • Health and Medicine • Sanitation systems • Surgery with anesthesia • Vaccines and antibiotics • Energy and the Environment • Fossil fuels • Solar energy • Nuclear energy

7. Chemistry: A Science for the 21st Century • Materials and Technology • Polymers, ceramics, liquid crystals • Room-temperature superconductors? • Molecular computing? • Food and Agriculture • Genetically modified crops • “Natural” pesticides • Specialized fertilizers

8. Chemistry of the iPhone Coltan- Metallic Ore Chemical Refined into Niobium & Tantalum • Ta2O5 + 14 HF → 2 H2[TaF7] + 5 H2O • Nb2O5 + 10 HF → 2 H2[NbOF5] + 3 H2O Tantalum is used in capacitors for circuit boards for the iPhone

9. Chemical Symbol for Tantalum? 0 of 0 • H2SO4 • Sn • Ta • Ti

10. Chemical Symbol for Tantalum? • Y2K • Ta • UKY • KFC Answer Now Response Counter

11. The Study of Chemistry Macroscopic Microscopic

12. Atoms and Molecules • Atoms • are submicroscopic particles • are the fundamental building blocks of ordinary matter • Molecules • are two or more atoms attached together in a specific geometrical arrangement • come in different shapes and patterns • Chemistry is the science that seeks to understand the behavior of matter by studying the behavior of atoms and molecules

13. The Scientific Approach (1.2)

14. testedmodified The scientific method is a systematic approach to research A hypothesis is a tentative explanation for a set of observations

15. The Process Experimental Observation Test Experiment Explanation Hypothesis Law or Theory

16. A law is a concise statement of a relationship between phenomena that is always the same under the same conditions. Force = mass x acceleration A theory is a unifying principle that explains a body of facts and/or those laws that are based on them. Atomic Theory

17. Relationships Between Pieces of the Scientific Method

18. Classification of Matter (1.3)

19. Classification of Matter • Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass • We can classify matter based on its state and its composition • whether it’s solid, liquid, or gas • its basic components

20. gas solid liquid The Three States of Matter

21. Classifying Matter by Physical State • Matter can be classified as solid, liquid, or gas based on the characteristics it exhibits

22. Classifying Matter by Composition • Another way to classify matter is to examine itscomposition • Composition includes • types of particles • arrangement of the particles • attractions and attachments between the particles

23. Structure and Properties carbon dioxide carbon monoxide • composed of one carbon atom and two oxygen atoms • colorless, odorless gas • incombustible • does not bind to hemoglobin • composed of one carbon atom and one oxygen atom • colorless, odorless gas • burns with a blue flame • binds to hemoglobin The properties of matter are determined by the atoms and molecules that compose it.

25. Classification of Matter by Composition • Made of one type of particle • All samples show the same intensive properties • Made of multiple types of particles • Samples may show different intensive properties

26. Classification of Pure Substances • Made of one type of atom (some elements found as multi-atom molecules in nature) • Combine together to make compounds • Made of one type of molecule, or an array of ions • Units contain two or more different kinds of atoms

27. Classification of Mixtures • Made of multiple substances, whose presence can be seen • Portions of a sample have different composition and properties • Made of multiple substances, but appears to be one substance • All portions of an individual sample have the same composition and properties

28. Which of the following is a heterogeneous mixture? • seawater • chicken soup • coffee • hydrogen peroxide • ice 0 of 0

29. An element is a substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemicalmeans. • 118 elements have been identified. • About 90 elements occur naturally on Earth. • Over 25 new elements have been created by scientists. • e.g., technetium, americium, seaborgium One- or two-letter symbols are used to represent the elements. e.g., H, He, Li

31. Physical and Chemical Changes and Properties (1.4)

32. Ramen? • Yes • No • Holidays only Response Counter

33. Changes in Matter • Changes that alter the state or appearance of the matter without altering the composition are called physical changes • Changes that alter the composition of the matter are called chemical changes • during the chemical change, the atoms that are present rearrange into new molecules, but all of the original atoms are still present

34. Properties of Matter • Physical properties are the characteristics of matter that can be changed without changing its composition • Chemical properties are the characteristics that determine how the composition of matter changes as a result of contact with other matter or the influence of energy

35. Physical Changes in Matter The boiling of water is a physical change. The water molecules are separated from each other, but their structure and composition do not change. Other Physical Changes include condensing, melting, freezing, dilution.

36. Chemical Changes in Matter The rusting of iron is a chemical change. The iron atoms in the nail combine with oxygen atoms from O2 in the air to make a new substance, rust, with a different composition. Other Chemical Changes include Burning and Dyes fading or changing color

37. Which of the following represents a chemical change? • Freezing water to make ice cubes • Dry ice evaporating at room temperature • Toasting a piece of bread • Dissolving sugar in hot coffee • Crushing an aluminum can Response Counter

38. Extensive and Intensive Properties An extensive property of a material depends upon how much matter is is being considered. • mass • length • volume An intensive property of a material does not depend upon how much matter is being considered. • density • temperature • color

39. Energy (1.5)

40. Energy Changes in Matter • Changes in matter, both physical and chemical, result in the matter either gaining or releasing energy • Energy is the capacity to do work • Work is the action of a force applied across a distance

41. Energy of Matter • All matter possesses energy • Energy is classified as either kinetic or potential • Energy can be converted from one form to another • When matter undergoes a chemical or physical change, the amount of energy in the matter changes as well

42. Kinetic energy is energy of motion • motion of the atoms, molecules, and subatomic particles • thermal (heat) energy is a form of kinetic energy because it is caused by molecular motion • Potential energy is energy that is stored in the matter • due to the composition of the matter and its position relative to other things • chemical potential energy arises from electrostatic attractive forces between atoms, molecules, and subatomic particles Etot = KE + PE

43. Conversion of Energy • You can interconvert kinetic energy and potential energy • Law of Conservation of Energy Whatever process you do that converts energy from one type or form to another, the total amount of energy remains the same

44. Spontaneous Processes • Materials that possess high potential energy are less stable • Processes in nature tend to occur on their own when the result is material with lower total potential energy • processes that result in materials with higher total potential energy can occur, but generally will not happen without input of energy from an outside source

45. Energy • Kinetic Energy (Energy of motion) • Potential Energy (Stored Energy) • Thermal Energy (Heat) note that Thermal energy is really KE (moving molecules)

46. Units of Measurement (1.6)

47. The Standard Units Scientists have agreed on a set of international standard units for comparing all our measurements called the SI units • Système International = International System

48. Adoption of the International System Extremely important in science

49. weight = c x mass A 1 kg bar will weigh on earth, c = 1.0 1 kg on earth on moon, c ~ 0.1 0.1 kg on moon Matter - anything that occupies space and has mass • mass – measure of the quantity of matter • SI unit of mass is the kilogram (kg) • 1 kg = 1000 g = 1 x 103 g weight – force that gravity exerts on an object

50. Your favorite board game? • Scrabble • Monopoly • Dungeons & Dragons • CHE 105 • Texas Hold’em • Board games are for WKU 0 of 0