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Drugs and Alcohol

Drugs and Alcohol. Prevention Education Topics. Alcohol-related high-risk behavior Alcohol poisoning Risk of cannabis use Risk of using hallucinogens, magic mushrooms (psilocybin) Risk of anabolic steroids and other performance enhancing drugs Risk of drinking and drug use during pregnancy.

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Drugs and Alcohol

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  1. Drugs and Alcohol

  2. Prevention Education Topics • Alcohol-related high-risk behavior • Alcohol poisoning • Risk of cannabis use • Risk of using hallucinogens, magic mushrooms (psilocybin) • Risk of anabolic steroids and other performance enhancing drugs • Risk of drinking and drug use during pregnancy

  3. Background Facts • Drinking Facts Canada • Straight Talk About Marijuana

  4. Videos The Overtaken Documentary Innocence Lost: Stories of Youth Addiction on PEI Addicted Population - Drugs in Canada (Documentary)

  5. What is a Drug? • Drugs are anything other than food that are taken and change how our body or mind work • 60% of people who use illegal drugs are age 15-24

  6. Types of Drugs • There are three main types of illegal/illicit drugs based on how they affect the brain: • 1) Hallucinogens • 2) Stimulants • 3) Depressants

  7. Hallucinogens • Cause people to have hallucinations and alter their perception of reality • People see images, hear sounds, and feel sensations that seem real but are not • Examples of hallucinogens: • Marijuana • Ecstasy (Hallucinogen & Stimulant) • Magic Mushrooms • LSD

  8. Ecstasy • Also known as: love drug, E, XTC, Party pill, Hug drug • Is both a STIMULANT and HALLUCIOGEN that is made in illegal labs • It is sold as a tablet, capsule or powder in different sizes, shapes and colours • A single hit can last 3-6 hours but the after effects can last for days to weeks

  9. Stimulants • Increase alertness and physical activity • Also known as “Uppers” • Examples of Stimulants: • Caffeine • Nicotine • Cocaine and Crack Cocaine • Methamphetamine • Ecstasy (Hallucinogen & Stimulant)

  10. Cocaine & Crack Cocaine • Also known as: blow, crack, coke, rock • Cocaine is a STIMULANT • Made from a coca plant in South America • Cocaine is a white powder that can be snorted or added to water and injected into veins • Crack cocaine looks like rocks or crystals and can be smoked

  11. Methamphetamine • Also known as: meth, crystal meth, speed • Methamphetamine is a STIMULANT • A man-made drug which makes it very dangerous because it can be very strong causing an overdose • It can be taken by mouth, smoked, snorted or injected into veins • “Speed” is a form of the drug that is injected • “Crystal Meth” is the form of drug that is smoked

  12. Methamphetamine • Can cause serious memory problems if used a lot • Can lead to hallucinations such as the feeling of bugs crawling under the skin

  13. Depressants • Slow down the normal function of the brain and have the opposite affect of stimulants • Also known as “downers” and can slow down breathing and heart rate • Examples of Depressants: • Alcohol • Heroin • Narcotics (pain medication given in hospitals)

  14. Heroin • Also known as: dope, dust, junk, smack • Heroin is a DEPRESSANT • Made from morphine as a clear white powder but is sold on the street in many colours • It can be smoked, snorted or injected into the veins and can be 2-98% purity which makes it very dangerous • Overdose or misuse of heroin can lead to death

  15. Most Common Drugs • The 3 most commonly used drugs by PEI youth: • Alcohol • Nicotine • Marijuana

  16. Alcohol: What Is It? • Alcohol is a DEPRESSANT • Alcohol is a flammable liquid that is composed of ethanol • There are many different types of alcohol • Beer • Wine • Hard Liquor: Whiskey, Vodka, Rum etc. • Alcoholic beverages vary in the percent of alcohol in one drink

  17. Alcohol: How It Works • When a person drinks alcohol it is absorbed into the bloodstream and carried to all body parts and the brain • When alcohol reaches the brain it changes the way it works and how we function in many ways • If a person drinks too much they become intoxicated

  18. Alcohol: Side Effects • Euphoria • Drowsiness • Dizziness • Slurred Speech • Staggering • Double Vision • Unconsciousness • Memory • Concentration • Coordination

  19. Alcohol Effects

  20. Alcohol: Long Term Effects • Liver damage • Brain damage • Heart Disease • Cancer • Ulcers • Memory loss • Impotence • Reproductive problems • Disorders of the pancreas

  21. Alcohol Video http://www.thesite.org/audioandvideo/video/drinkanddrugs/alcoholthefacts

  22. Nicotine: What Is It? • Nicotine is a STIMULANT • Nicotine is the drug responsible for making cigarettes so addictive and is found in tobacco • Tobacco makes up 90% of a cigarette but many people use smokeless forms of tobacco known as chewing tobacco • Chewing tobacco has many of the same negative effects as smoking and also causes dental problems

  23. Nicotine: Side Effects • Difficulty breathing • Decreased appetite • Decreased circulation • Increased heart rate and blood pressure • Drop in skin temperature • Faster and shallower breathing • First-time smokers feel dizzy and energized and may experience diarrhea and vomiting

  24. Nicotine: Long Term Effects • Smoking tobacco is KNOWN to cause 26 diseases and health problems including: • Chronic Obstructive Lung Diseases • Emphysema • Bronchitis • Pneumonia • Heart Attack • Stroke • Cancer • Lung, mouth, throat, pancreas, kidney and bladder

  25. Smoking Facts • Tobacco smoke has over 4000 chemicals and over 50 that are KNOWN to cause cancer • A person who smokes will die 8 years earlier than a non-smoker • In 2010, 37 000 Canadians died from tobacco related illnesses

  26. Marijuana: What Is it? • Marijuana is a HALLUCINOGEN • Also called: weed, pot, joint, grass, green • Marijuana comes from a plant called Cannabis • Other forms of cannabis include hash & hash oil • There is a chemical in all cannabis called THC that causes the “high” feeling

  27. Marijuana: Side Effects • See handout • Increased pulse rate & decreased blood pressure • Which could lead to dizziness & fainting • Bloodshot eyes • Dry mouth • Increased appetite • Mild paranoia, anxiety or panic • Impaired short term memory • Impaired coordination & reaction time

  28. Marijuana: Long Term Effects • Respiratory diseases • Cancer • Decreased motivation and concentration • Leads to problems in school and work • Long term use of marijuana can cause the mental illness schizophrenia • Paranoia • Delusions • Hallucinations

  29. What Does This Mean for You? • In 2007, of PEI’s grade 9 students: • 37% have used alcohol at least once • 17% have used marijuana at least once • First use of marijuana is around Grade 8 or Grade 9 • 13% have tried smoking

  30. Addiction • Definition: Addiction is when people crave the drug, lose control over how much they use and use of the drug even though it causes bad things to happen in their life

  31. Factors That Cause Addiction • Early Regular Use: • the younger a person is when they begin to use drugs and alcohol the more likely they will become addicted and the faster the addiction occurs • 40% of people who began using alcohol at age 14 or younger were found to have problems and addictions later in life • Heredity: • people who have a family history of addiction are more likely to become addicted themselves

  32. Factors That Cause Addiction • Education & Knowledge: • Addiction is linked to lower levels of education • The less people know about drugs and alcohol the more likely they are to try them and become addicted • Body Make-Up: • Drugs and alcohol affect everyone’s body differently • Exposure Before Birth: • If a pregnant woman uses drugs and alcohol while pregnant, her child has a higher risk of addiction

  33. Negative Effects of Addiction • Withdrawal: • The body gets used to using a certain drug and if it is decreased or stopped the person becomes sick and has withdrawal symptoms • Withdrawal symptoms include: shaking, sweating, headache, nausea, vomiting, and many others • Dependence: • There are two types of dependence, when your body needs the drug to feel normal and when your mind needs the drug because of a craving

  34. Negative Effects of Addiction • Tolerance: • The more often a drug is used, then more of the drug is needed to produce the effects it used to • Ex: a person who used to get drunk from 4 beer now needs more than 4 to feel the effects • Overdose: • Taking too much of a drug or drinking too much alcohol that can lead to death

  35. Negative Effects of Addiction • Legal Risks: • The use of illegal drugs, drugs that are not prescribed by your doctor and alcohol under the legal age can lead to charges, prison and a criminal record • Other Risks: • drugs and alcohol can cause people to do dangerous things they wouldn’t normally do it they were no under the influence such as drinking and driving, risky behaviour such as stealing or sex which can lead to unwanted pregnancy or STIs

  36. Video • http://www.justtalkpei.ca/index.php?page=video2

  37. Slideshow Project • You will choose a topic to research and present to the class. • 1) Gather the facts – identify the substance and how it affects teen users. Identify 2 or 3 “high-risk” behaviors that can occur when using the substance. Include 2-5 statistics – you can use the PEI Drug Use Survey.

  38. Slideshow Project • 2) Set a priority – decide what single message is the most important to share and make sure you emphasize it. “Present facts, or bust myths.” • 3) Be credible – speak to teens from teens. Include a list of references • 4) Be creative – make sure the message “hits home.” Include a personal thought, opinion, or statement that you have formed about the topic through your research.

  39. Topics • Alcohol-related high risk behavior • The risk of cannabis use • The risks of drinking and other drug use during pregnancy • Risk of prescription drug dependency • Risks of using hallucinogens – psilocybin or MDMA • Risk of methamphetamine use • Risk of anabolic steroids and performance enhancing drugs • Alcohol poisoning

  40. Rubric • Rubric

  41. Test Review • Need to know: • What is a drug? • Know the three types of drugs and provide examples of each • What are the three most common for PEI? • Know the drinking facts sheet – how alcohol affects you, how you absorb it, alcohol poisoning, etc.

  42. Test Review • Know marijuana and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and how it affects the brain. • Problems with marijuana • Know: drug abuse physical dependency psychological dependency withdrawal symptoms hallucinogens depressants stimulants alcohol LSD ecstasy psychoactive • 10 multiple choice questions

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