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OPERATION DESERT STORM

Ariel Waters. OPERATION DESERT STORM. EQ: What were the causes and effects of Operation Desert Storm?. Background.

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OPERATION DESERT STORM

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  1. Ariel Waters OPERATION DESERT STORM EQ: What were the causes and effects of Operation Desert Storm?

  2. Background On the morning of August 2, 1990 the mechanized infantry, armor, and tank units of the Iraqi Republican Guard invaded Kuwait and seized control of that country.  The invasion triggered a United States response, Operation DESERT SHIELD, to deter any invasion of Kuwait's oil rich neighbor, Saudi Arabia. 

  3. Deployment On August 7, deployment of U.S. forces began.  United Nations Security Council Resolutions 660 and 662 condemned Iraq's invasion and annexation and called for the immediate and unconditional withdrawal of Iraqi forces.

  4. On August 20 President Bush signed National Security Directive 45, "U.S. Policy in Response to the Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait," outlining U.S. objectives - which included the "immediate, complete, and unconditional withdrawal of all Iraqi forces from Kuwait," and the "restoration of Kuwait's legitimate government to replace the puppet regime installed by Iraq. Objectives

  5. Ultimatum A U.N. ultimatum, Security Council Resolution 678, followed on November 29, 1990.  It stipulated that if Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein did not remove his troops from Kuwait by January 15, 1991 a U.S.-led coalition was authorized to drive them out.

  6. Launch Early in the morning of January 17, Baghdad time, the U.S.-led coalition launched air attacks against Iraqi targets.  On February 24, coalition ground forces begin their attack.

  7. Cease Fire On February 27, Kuwait City was declared liberated, and with allied forces having driven well into Iraq, President Bush and his advisers decided to halt the war.  A cease-fire took effect at 8:00 the following morning.

  8. Aftermath – Short Term • Iraq’s short-term option for a nuclear explosive capability was significantly affecter but not necessarily eliminated by Operation Desert Storm. • The short-term option lingers because of remaining facilities at the Tuwaitha nuclear research center and uncertainty over the exact status of the safeguard fuel.

  9. Aftermath – Long Term • An overwhelming offensive or retaliatory capability would deter a Third Country aggressor from the use of ballistic missiles. • BMD could work under laboratory conditions, but could not live up to its theoretical promise under battlefield conditions. • BMD has to be cost-effective at the margin before being procured. • A less-than-perfect BMD was not worth the cost of procuring.

  10. Works Cited • Gwu.edu • Fas.org

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