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Three Aging Empires The Holy Roman Empire The Ottoman Empire Poland. The objectives of this slide show will be :. Identify the economic disparity of Eastern Europe. Identify the reasons behind the decline of the Holy Roman Empire. What were the reasons that Poland became weaker?
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Three Aging EmpiresThe Holy Roman EmpireThe Ottoman EmpirePoland
The objectives of this slide show will be: Identify the economic disparity of Eastern Europe. Identify the reasons behind the decline of the Holy Roman Empire. What were the reasons that Poland became weaker? Where were the Turks finally stopped? Why did the Parthenon lose its lid? What were the traits of the Prussian state?
For the most part, Eastern Europe was made up of agricultural estates with landlords.
It did not have the industry or naval power of Western Europe.
Here, the peasants were terribly poor—in some areas they were serfs, bought and sold with the land
To make matters more complicated, there were many different ethnic groups, each with own language.
Besides the Catholics and Protestants, the Muslim faith had encroached into Eastern Europe since the siege of Constantinople (1453).
Out of these three aging empires would emerge countries who would play an important part in the history
You will need to pay special attention to the handout and the pages in your book. I will highlight some of the great “stories” from this time.
The first empire was the Holy Roman Empire. It was in decline, and by 1806 it was formally ended by Napoleon.
Voltaire once said the Roman Empire was neither Holy, or Roman, or Empire. What did he mean by this?
The idea of the Holy Roman Empire was much different than the reality.
At the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 the Empire lost much of its power—the German states remained separate. Each state was intent on having its “liberties” preserved.
The French continued to meddle and support various German states against each other. Still some of the Germany states grew powerful.
Many of these rulers “aped” Louis XIV and tried to establish their own mini-courts.
Small states lived next to larger states, and, somehow, they did get along, for the most part. Still, there was not a united Germany.
The Poles insisted on their liberties, too. However, they did not get along, and had a policy that they must agree or their local parliament, or diet, would have to disband.
This “exploding” or disbanding or their diet was called “liberum veto.”
The third empire, was the Ottoman Empire—and it was not a Christian empire.
But Christians lived there, paying “tribute” to the Grand Sultan. • Throughout the Balkans, groups of Christians made a life for themselves under the crescent. • Yet there was always a fear that the Muslims would expand AGAIN and go even further into Europe.
And what country was facing the greatest threat from this Muslim expansion?
The emerging country of Austria. • Out of the wreckage of the Holy Roman Empire and the Thirty Years War, Austria and Bohemia were now joined together. Austria-Hungary would replace the HRE.
This new country of Austria sought to root out Protestantism and re-conquer Hungary.
Remember these three aging empires…because between 1648 and 1918 they will all be wiped away.
The Turks were held off in 1664, but Louis XIV incited them to move toward Vienna again. They did, in one of the most famous stories in history. ..
Before we leave Eastern Europe, let’s learn about two fascinating stories…
A vast Muslim horde surrounded Vienna for months—many starved.
Louis XIV sat at home, hoping the Hapsburgs were weakened for good.
Eugene of Savoy! Charles of Lorraine! Italian troops! Jan Sobieski, King of Poland led the decisive charge!
During this war, while the Turks were preoccupied with the siege, the Venetians saw their chance to gain control of Greece from the Turks.
The Turks used the Parthenon as an ammunition dump, until it lit on fire and blew the roof off…
The Parthenon, which had survived for 2,000 years was blown to ruins.
Soon, the Turks were pushed back. Eugene of Savoy led victories at Zenta, which got the Turks out of Hungary.
Finally, the peace of Karlowitz was signed (1699), ending farther Muslim encroachment. Austria also gained Transylvania and Croatia from the Muslims.
Austria, after these gains in the East, then turned to the West. There, they entered the War of Spanish Succession, and gained the Spanish Netherlands (their old lands) which were to become the Austrian Netherlands. This area, of course, is known as today’s Belgium.
The Turks still held Romania and the Balkan peninsula, but they were stopped from expansion.
The Austrian empire had formed itself through several victories. Once again—what was their ruling house?
Originally, this land was settled by Teutonic Knights after the Crusades, a place of safe haven for members of their illustrious organization.
During the Thirty Years War, Frederick William amassed power. He would be known as “The Great Elector.” He was, of course, chosen for his position.
But his ancestors would soon become the Kings of Prussia—no longer electors.
The title of King was awarded to Frederick I’s grandson. He helped defeat the armies of Louis XIV in the Battle of Spanish Succession.
Prussia developed into a unique, military state. All energies went into maintaining a strong army.
